汾河源头水生甲虫物种多样性及其生态分布类型  

Species diversity of aquatic beetles and their ecological distribution types in the source of Fenhe River

作　　者：宗彦平 彭云飞 曹天文 王菊平[2,3] 贺润平 张苗 Zong Yanping;Peng Yunfei;Cao Tianwen;Wan Juping;He Runping;Zhang Miao(State-owned Forestry Administration Bureau of Guancenshan,Ningwu 036700,China;Shanxi Insect Herbarium(SIH),Taiyuan 030031,China;College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省管涔山国有林管理局,山西宁武036700 [2]山西昆虫标本馆,山西太原030031 [3]山西农业大学植物保护学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第4期102-108,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省科技基础条件平台项目(201605D121020);国家科技基础条件平台工作重点项目(2005DKA21402)。

摘　　要：[目的]为了填补汾河源头水生甲虫物种多样性知识空白,便于对汾河源头的水质进行快速监测,本研究调查鉴定了汾河源头12个样点的水生甲虫种类,记录并分类了物种生境及生态分布型。[方法]使用传统分类学方法,结合样地环境因子,通过相关性分析及典范对应分析对水生甲虫进行不同类型的分类。[结果]汾河源头有21种水生甲虫,隶属9科16属,海拔是影响其多样性及其分布的主要环境因子。通过群落多样性分析,汾河源头21种水生甲虫可分为高山草甸积水、高山深水湖泊和溪流3个生态分布型,3个生态分布型又可细分为5个不同环境,不同环境物种组成差异较为明显。3个生态分布型分布的物种有:(1)高山草甸积水型:奥丽沟背甲、曲郡沟背甲、双显沼牙甲和梭腹牙甲4种;(2)高山深水湖泊型:爱端毛龙虱、端异毛龙虱、简沼梭、窗格长泥甲、扶桑尖突小粒龙虱、暗斑沼梭和梭腹牙甲7种;(3)溪流型:艾孔龙虱、双显沼牙甲、浅裂滨甲、条纹水龟甲、日本端毛龙虱、冥宽缘龙虱、谢氏异斑溪泥甲、黑叶端毛龙虱、细身溪泥甲、岸长须甲、乌苏里沼泥甲和突角沟背甲12种。其中,梭腹牙甲同时分布于高山草甸积水与高山深水湖泊型生境,但数量极其稀少。[结论]谢氏异斑溪泥甲与细身溪泥甲对环境的要求较高,是作为环境指示生物的良好目标物种。[Objective]Present study was designed to fill the gaps in the knowledge about the species diversity of aquatic beetles and facilitate rapid monitoring of the water quality at the source of Fenhe River.[Methods]The species of aquatic beetles at 12 sampling sites at the source of the Fenhe River were investigated and identified using traditional taxonomic methods combined with sampling site environmental factors.Collected aquatic beetles were identified and classified as different types through correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis.[Results]The results showed that a total of 21 species of aquatic beetles existed at the source of the Fenhe River,which belonged to 16 genera and nine families.Altitude was the main environmental factor affecting the diversity and distribution of beetles.The analysis of community diversity indicated that identified 21 species were visually divided into three ecological distribution types:alpine-meadow-water type,high-mountain-deep-water-lake type,and stream type,which could be further sub-divided into five different environments.The species composition of different environments was quite different.The species distributed in three ecological distribution types were as follows:1)a total of four species in alpine-meadow-water type,including Helophorus auriculatus Sharp,1884,Helophorus aspericollis Angus,1973,Cercyon sp.and Laccobius binotatus Orchymont,1934;2)seven species in high-mountain-deep-water-lake type,including Agabus amoenus Solsky,1874,Ilybius api⁃calis Sharp,1873,Haliplus simplex Clark,1863,Heterocerus fenestratus(Thunberg,1784),Noterus japonicus Sharp,1873,Haliplus diruptus Balfour-Browne,1946 and Cercyon sp.;3)twelve species in stream type,including Nebrioporus airumlus(Kolenati,1845),Laccobius binotatus Orchymont,1934,Ochthebius lobatus Pu,1958,Hydrocassis scapulata Deyrolle&Fairmaire,1878,Agabus japonicus Sharp,1873,Platambus stygius(Régimbart,1899),Heterlimnius shepardi Kamite,2009,Agabus un⁃guicularis(Thomson,1867),Zaitzevia sp.,Hydraena riparia

关 键 词：汾河源头 水生甲虫 分类学 物种多样性 生态分布类型 

分 类 号：Q958.11[生物学—动物学]