基于边际机会成本的农村宅基地价值重构与退出补偿定价  

Rural homestead value reconstruction and withdrawal compensation pricing based on marginal opportunity cost

作　　者：周亚娟 林爱文[1] 张二申 ZHOU Yajuan;LIN Aiwen;ZHANG Ershen(School of Resource and Environment Sciences/Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;College of Environment and Planning,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院/地理信息系统教育部重点实验室,武汉430079 [2]河南大学环境与规划学院,开封475004

出　　处：《资源科学》2021年第7期1428-1439,共12页Resources Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA040)。

摘　　要：城市化进程中,农村地区人口流失严重,宅基地大量闲置,合理重构宅基地完全价值,完善退出补偿定价机制成为盘活农村建设用地,助推乡村振兴的必然举措。基于边际机会成本理论,从宅基地退出成本的角度构建了宅基地价值认知—边际机会成本分析—完全价值重构的价值评估体系。结果发现:(1)农村宅基地价值由自身价值、开发价值、权益价值与代际价值构成,宅基地退出时所失去的价值部分即农户损失成本;(2)利用成本损失来测算宅基地的价值,以边际生产成本测算宅基地开发价值,以边际使用者成本测算宅基地自身价值,以边际外部性成本测算宅基地权益价值和代际价值;(3)不同类型宅基地在退出时损失的价值不同,在退出补偿中需根据成本损失进行相应补偿;(4)宅基地边际生产成本与边际使用者成本损失多以货币手段进行补偿,边际外部性成本以货币手段结合非货币手段进行补偿。基于此,探索了一种新的宅基地定价思路,提出了宅基地退出补偿的相关政策建议,为农村宅基地有偿退出制度的完善提供理论依据。In the process of urbanization,the population loss in rural areas is serious,and a large number of homesteads are left unused.Reasonably reconstructing the complete value of homesteads and formulating an exit compensation pricing mechanism have become an inevitable measure to reuse rural residential land and promote rural revitalization.In this study,on the basis of examining the relationship between the property rights of homesteads in China,the types of homestead withdrawal were clarified.Based on the theory of marginal opportunity cost,the value evaluation system consisting of value cognition of homesteads-marginal opportunity cost analysiscomplete value reconstruction was constructed from the perspective of the cost of homestead withdrawal.The results of the research are as follows:(1)The value of rural homestead is composed of its own value,development value,equity value,and intergenerational value.The part of the value lost when the homestead is withdrawn is the cost of loss of farmers;(2)Use cost losses to measure the value of homesteads,use marginal production costs to measure the development value of homesteads,use marginal user costs to measure the value of homesteads themselves,and use marginal externality costs to measure the value of homestead equity and intergenerational values;(3)Different types of homesteads have different values at the time of exit,and corresponding compensation should be made according to the cost loss in the exit compensation;(4)The marginal production cost of homestead and the loss of marginal user cost are mostly compensated by monetary means,and the marginal externality cost is compensated by monetary means combined with non-monetary means.Based on the results,a new mechanism of homestead pricing is explored,and relevant policy recommendations for homestead withdrawal compensation are put forward to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of the rural homestead withdrawal system.

关 键 词：农村宅基地 宅基地退出 边际机会成本 价值重构 宅基地定价 退出补偿 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]