雷州半岛地下水重金属来源解析及健康风险评价  

Source Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Groundwater of Leizhou Peninsula

作　　者：师环环 潘羽杰 曾敏[2] 黄长生[2] 侯清芹 皮鹏程 彭红霞[1] SHI Huan-huan;PAN Yu-jie;ZENG Min;HUANG Chang-sheng;HOU Qing-qin;PI Peng-cheng;PENG Hong-xia(School of Geography and Information Engineering,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)地理与信息工程学院,武汉430074 [2]中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心,武汉430205

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第9期4246-4256,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877297);中国地质调查局项目(12120114029601)。

摘　　要：地下水重金属的来源确定和健康风险评估,是新时期我国环境管理中重点关注和亟待解决的问题之一.为了解雷州半岛地下水环境状况,采集44件地下水样品,测定分析了Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg和Pb元素的浓度和空间分布特征,并运用相关系数和主成分分析探讨了地下水重金属的来源,最后结合健康风险模型对不同途径所引起的健康风险进行评价.结果表明:(1)除As、Mn和Cd外,雷州半岛地下水重金属元素的平均值均未超过Ⅱ类水质标准(GB/T 14848-2017).(2)总体空间分布表现出明显的空间差异性,即南部高于北部.(3)研究区8种重金属可被辨识出3种主成分(PCs),PC1(Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb)主要为工农业及交通因子,PC2(Cr、Mn和As)主要为自然源和人为源双重因子,PC3(Hg)主要为自然源因子.(4)研究区各金属的健康风险均在可接受范围内,成人的风险高于儿童,饮用途径的风险高于皮肤暴露途径.环保部门应指导合理地开采地下水资源,严格控制污染来源,以期降低健康风险.Source identification and health risk assessment of heavy metals in groundwater is one of the key issues in China’s new era of environmental management. In order to reveal the status,sources,and health risk of pollutants in groundwater of the Leizhou Peninsula,44 groundwater samples were collected,and the concentrations and spatial distribution of Cr,Mn,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Hg,and Pb were measured and analyzed. The sources of heavy metals in groundwater were then determined through correlation coefficient and principal component analysis. Finally,the health risk model was used to evaluate the different health risks associated with these heavy metals. The results showed that the average value of heavy metal elements in groundwater of the Leizhou Peninsula does not inferior to the class Ⅱ water quality standard( GB/T 14848-2017). However,As,Mn,and Cd do not meet the standard. The overall spatial distribution indicated obvious spatial differences,with higher values in the south than in the north. Heavy metal sources can be identified as three principal components( PCs). PC1( Cu,Zn,Cd,and Pb) metals mainly originate from industrial,agricultural,and traffic sources. PC2( Cr,Mn,and As) sources can be both natural and man-made,and PC3( Hg) sources are primarily man-made.For the groundwater of the Leizhou Peninsula,the health risks of 8 metals are with the acceptable range,the carcinogenic risk of adults is higher than that of children,and the risk of drinking exposure is higher than that of skin exposure. The study shows that the environmental protection department should encourage the rational exploitation of groundwater resources and control the sources of pollution to reduce health risks.

关 键 词：地下水 重金属 来源解析 风险评价 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4