论数据构成必需设施的标准--兼评《关于平台经济领域的反垄断指南》第十四条之修改  

On Standard that Data Constitute Essential Facilities--also Reviewing Amendment to Article 14 of the Guide to Anti-Monopoly in the Field of Platform Economy

作　　者：李世佳 Li Shijia(Civil,Commercial and Economic Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2021年第5期75-85,共11页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2020年国家社会科学基金重点项目“完善市场监管中的权力配置及运行制约法律机制研究”(项目编号:20AZD107)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：数字经济时代,互联网平台经营者依靠数据这一核心生产要素建立起“采集-计算-服务-采集”的商业运作模式。因网络效应、转化成本和规模经济的存在,互联网平台经营者极易在数据竞争方面产生先发优势,使得后进入者在相当一段时间内无法在数据采集的数量和质量上与之匹敌。数据兼具平台私人性与社会公共性二元属性,不合理的数据访问限制行为理应受到反垄断法规制,而评价该行为的核心要件便是数据是否满足必需设施的标准。当某类关系着某种商品或某类服务行业生存的数据尽归某个经营者所有,其他任何经营者不能开发或者复制获得这些数据、亦无法为这些数据寻得合适的替代品时,需认定为必需设施,数据控制者负有开放的义务。In the era of digital economy,Internet platform operators rely on data as a core production factor to establish a business operation model of“collection-calculation-service-collection”.Due to the existence of network effects,conversion costs,and economies of scale,Internet platform operators are easy to have first-mover advantages in data competition,making late entrants unable to match the quantity and quality of data collection for a considerable period of time.Data has the dual attributes of platform privateness and social publicity.Unreasonable data access restriction behavior should be subjected to anti-monopoly regulations,and the core requirement for evaluating this behavior is whether the data meets the standards of essential facilities.When a certain type of data related to the survival of a certain product or service industry belongs to a certain operator,and any other operator cannot develop or copy the data,or find a suitable substitute for the data,it needs to be recognized as an essential facility,and the data controller has the obligation to open it.

关 键 词：数据 必需设施 互联网平台 数据垄断 数据访问限制 

分 类 号：D912.29[政治法律—民商法学]