欧美跨境数据流动规制:冲突、协调与借鉴——基于欧盟法院“隐私盾”无效案的考察  

Conflict,Coordination and Reference of Transborder Data Flow Regulation between the EU and the U.S.:Comment on the“SchremsⅡ”of CJEU

作　　者：单文华[1] 邓娜 SHAN Wenhua;DENG Na(School of Law,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学法学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第5期94-103,共10页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University：Social Sciences

基　　金：最高人民法院司法研究重大课题(ZGFYZDKT202012-01)。

摘　　要：欧盟和美国之间数字贸易联系紧密,美国借助《隐私盾协议》及《安全港协议》打破了欧盟数据保护立法的壁垒,实现了个人数据向美国的自由流动。《隐私盾协议》无效案反映出欧美之间数据跨境流动的主要问题在于美国国家安全法律与欧盟个人数据保护法律之间的冲突,背后的根源是欧盟为抗衡美国的数字经济霸权与监控资本主义而实施“技术主权”战略。《隐私盾协议》无效案对中国的个人数据治理具有重要借鉴意义,中国需明确数据规制的目标,完善数据跨境流动的规则,并且利用自由贸易协定和WTO机制积极推广中国数据治理的国际主张。The EU and the U.S.have a close connection in digital trade.With the help of Privacy Shield and Safe Harbor,the U.S.has broken the barriers of EU data protection laws and realized the free flow of personal data to the U.S.The invalidation of Privacy Shield reflects that the major problem of data flow between EU and U.S.lies in the conflict between U.S.national security laws and EU data protection and fundamental rights laws.The underlying reason is that the EU is implementing a“technical sovereignty”strategy in order to counter the U.S.digital economy hegemony and surveillance capitalism.The position of the two parties is different,and the above contradictions are difficult to reconcile,even if the European Court of Justice decides that Privacy Shield is invalid.This case has brought many thoughts to the governance of personal data in China.We should clarify the goal of data regulation,improve the rules of tranborder data flow,and actively popularize China’s data governance propositions by using FTA and WTO mechanisms.

关 键 词：数据跨境流动 个人数据保护 数据治理 《隐私盾协议》 数字经济 技术主权 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]