“双被告”制度下复议机关的举证制度探析  

On Reconsideration Organ's Burden of Proof System Under the"Joint Defendants"System

作　　者：高洁 GAO Jie(School of Public Security,Nanjing Forest Police College-Nanjing 210000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京森林警察学院治安学院,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第5期51-57,共7页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(RWYB202102)。

摘　　要：2014年行政诉讼法修改后确立了复议机关作出维持决定的,相对人应当以复议机关和原行为机关为共同被告的“双被告”制度。这一制度提高了复议机关作为被告的概率,但是并未取得预期的成效。其中举证制度不健全是影响制度推进的重要原因,举证责任不明,风险分担不清晰,使得应诉中难以避免会出现消极举证或者相互推诿的情况。这不仅对诉讼中的质证产生影响,也对后续可能产生的赔偿或补偿责任的划分带来影响。应该在区分复议机关维持原行政决定、改变部分原行政决定以及复议驳回的三种情况下,明确由谁进行举证的问题,并且明确如果败诉,原行政机关和复议机关都有可能成为赔偿义务机关。在明晰原行政机关和复议机关的责任和义务的情况下完善“双被告”制度下的举证制度。After the amendment of the administrative procedure law in 2014,the "joint defendants" system has been established, in which the reconsideration organ and the original behavior organ should be the joint defendants when the reconsideration organ affirms the original judgment. This system improves the probability of the reconsideration organ as the defendant but fails to achieve the expected results. The imperfect burden of proof system is an important reason that affects the advancement of the system: the ambiguity of burden of proof, the unclearness of risk sharing, and the possibility of negative proof or mutual prevarication in the response to the lawsuit. It not only has an impact on the cross-examination in the lawsuit, but also has an impact on the subsequent possible division of compensation or compensation liability. It is necessary to distinguish the three cases where the reconsideration organ maintains the original administrative judgment, the reconsideration organ changes part of the original administrative judgment and the reconsideration organ rejects the original administrative judgment, so as to clarify who will provide evidence. In addition, if the lawsuit loses, both the original administrative organ and the reconsideration organ may become the organ with compensatory obligations. Therefore, only by clarifying the responsibilities and obligations of the original administrative organ and the reconsideration organ can the burden of proof system under the "joint defendants" system be improved.

关 键 词：复议机关 共同被告 举证制度 举证责任 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]