北方土石山区土壤侵蚀对典型地形因子的响应——以北京市房山区为例  

Response of soil erosion to typical topographic factors in the rocky mountain area of North China:Taking Fangshan district as an example

作　　者：郭珂歆 艾刚 马兴祥 何鑫 GUO Kexin;AI Gang;MA Xingxiang;HE Xin(School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 100083, Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)信息工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2021年第4期137-142,共6页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：教育部基科研费科研启动基金项目“基于GIS支持的城市边缘区基本农田空间演化机理及其保护策略研究”(2011YYL148);北京市规划和自然资源委员会“北京市第三次全国土地调查(土地调查数据应用研究)”(342020320);教育部《3S综合实习》国家级一流课程项目(国家级);北京市高等学校高水平人才交叉培养计划——实培计划项目“森林公园多维大数据GIS防火预警指挥系统”(2020114150430),“上方山智慧旅游大数据系统”(2019114150397);北京市本科教学改革创新项目“上方山GIS专业3S野外综合实习创新实训基地及课程建设”。

摘　　要：为了定量评估土壤侵蚀分布格局与动态特征,分析北京市房山区土壤侵蚀对地形因子的响应,并为土壤侵蚀防治的重点布局决策提供参考,基于通用土壤流失方程USLE,将遥感反演与GIS空间叠加分析技术结合,对2013—2018年北京市房山区土壤水力侵蚀进行模拟和计算,分析研究区域不同高程带、不同坡度的土壤侵蚀量以及土壤侵蚀状况特征和变化趋势。结果表明:1)研究区土壤侵蚀量随年际变化整体呈现减小的趋势;2)研究区土壤侵蚀主要为微度侵蚀和轻度侵蚀;3)[400,800)m高程带的土壤侵蚀模数为各高程带中最高,且土壤侵蚀量最大;4)[15°,25°)的坡度对应的土壤侵蚀模数为各坡度等级最高,但土壤侵蚀量主要产生在[0°,5°)的微坡等级。因此,房山区总体土壤侵蚀程度较轻,今后土壤侵蚀防治的重点为[400,800)m高程带及[15°,25°)坡度带的区域。[Background]The current soil erosion researches in Fangshan district did not cover the response of soil erosion to typical topographic factors,thus supplementary research is in demand.The 3 main objectives of this study are for quantitative assessment of the distribution pattern and dynamic characteristics of soil erosion,analysis of the response of soil erosion to topographical factors in Fangshan district,and to provide reference for soil erosion prevention and control.[Methods]We used USLE model combined remote sensing inversion and GIS spatial overlay analysis technology to calculate the soil erosion modulus and erosion amount in Fangshan district from 2013 to 2018.Then we calculated the six factors(R,K,L,S,P,and C)of the USLE based on the meteorological data,vegetation index data,land use data and soil attribute data.Thus we obtained the erosion amount and modulus,and divided erosion levels to analyze the soil erosion status of Fangshan district,and the erosion status under different typical topographic conditions.[Results]1)The soil erosion amount in Fangshan district has gradually decreased in each year,from a maximum of 70.694×104 t in 2013 to 29.082×104 t in 2018.2)Soil erosion was divided into 6 grades by intensity,showing that the average annual rate of slight erosion was 64.13%,followed by light erosion accounted for 29.99%,the other higher grade areas accounted for<6%.3)The ratio of slight erosion area gradually increased in each year.The soil erosion modulus at the elevation of[400,800 m)was the highest,followed by the elevation range lower than 400 m.More than 40%of the erosion amount occurred in the area where elevation was higher than 400 m.In the[0°,25°)slope grade,the soil erosion modulus increased with the increase of the slope;but at slope grade higher than 25°,the soil erosion modulus decreased with the increase of the slope.The soil erosion of this grade for areas with slope of[0°,5°)accounted for more than 70%of the total erosion.[Conclusions]The overall annual soil erosion in Fangs

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀监测 USLE模型 GIS 水力侵蚀 北京 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]