不同生育期淹涝对夏玉米叶片叶绿素及产量的影响  

Effects of waterlogging at different growth stages on leaf chlorophyll and yield of summer maize

作　　者：刘小飞[1] 刘祖贵[1] 肖俊夫[1] 刘战东[1] 宁东峰[1] 赵犇 LIU Xiaofei;LIU Zugui;XIAO Junfu;LIU Zhandong;NING Dongfeng;ZHAO Ben(Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinxiang,Henan 453002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业农村部作物需水与调控重点实验室,河南新乡453002

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2021年第9期937-943,共7页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-14);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503130)。

摘　　要：为了探明淹涝条件对夏玉米生理生态特性及产量的影响规律,在防雨棚下开展了夏玉米不同生育阶段淹涝的桶栽试验.在苗期、拔节期、抽雄吐丝期和灌浆期分别淹涝1,3,5,7,9 d;以不淹水(适宜水分处理)为对照.结果表明,玉米株高和叶面积在苗期和拔节期受淹涝的影响最大,抽雄吐丝期次之,灌浆期淹涝的影响最小;叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)和气孔导度(Gs)在拔节期受淹涝的影响最大,苗期次之,灌浆期的影响最小;淹涝解除后,SPAD和Gs因补偿生长具有一定的恢复能力,苗期淹涝的恢复能力最强,并随淹涝时期后移呈减少趋势;拔节期淹涝对穗部性状及产量影响最大,苗期淹涝次之,灌浆期淹涝的影响最小.建立了玉米减产率与不同生育期淹涝历时的数学模型,依据其关系推算出苗期、拔节期、抽雄吐丝期和灌浆期的淹涝天数只要分别不超过1.5,2.0,1.5,6.5 d就可以把减产率控制在10%以内,分别超过4,5,4,10 d减产率可达20%以上.研究结果可为夏玉米涝渍灾害损失的评估和农田排水方案制定提供数据参考.In order to find out the effects of waterlogging conditions on the physiological-ecological characteristics and yield of summer maize,the potted experiments of waterlogging stress at different growth stages of summer maize were carried out under a rainshelter.At the seedling stage,jointing stage,tasseling stage and grain-filling stage,the waterlogging durations were 1 d,3 d,5 d,7 d,and 9 d,respectively,and no flooding(suitable soil moisture treatment)at the whole period was taken as control.The results show that plant height and leaf area of maize are most affected by waterlogging at the seedling stage and jointing stage,then at the tasseling stage,and waterlogging at the grain-filling stage has the least impact.Relative chlorophyll content(SPAD)and stomatal conductance(Gs)are most affected by waterlogging at jointing stage,then at the seedling stage and the least affected by grain-filling stage.The results also show that SPAD and Gs have a certain recovery ability due to compensatory growth mechanisms,and the recovery ability of seedling stage is the strongest,jointing stage is the second,and grain-filling stage is the smallest with the later stage of waterlogging.Moreover,waterlogging at jointing stage has the greatest impact on ear traits and yield,then at the seedling stage,and grain-filling stage has the smallest influence.Finally,the mathematical model between the yield reduction rates of maize and waterlogging durations at different growth stages are established.According to the mathematical models,the yield reduction rate could be controlled within 10%as long as the waterlogging duration at seedling stage,jointing stage,tasseling stage and grain-filling do not exceed 1.5 d,2.0 d,1.5 d and 6.5 d,respectively,and can be more than 20%when the waterlogging days are exceeded 4 d,5 d,4 d and 10 d,respectively.This study can provide data reference for the assessment of waterlogging disaster loss of summer maize and the establishment of farmland drainage projects.

关 键 词：夏玉米 淹涝 叶绿素相对含量 气孔导度 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S274