施氮量对扬黄灌区土壤水分、温度、碳氮及玉米产量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application rates on soil water,temperature,carbon nitrogen,and maize yield in Yanghuang irrigation area

作　　者：勉有明 苗芳芳 吴鹏年 王月宁 侯贤清[1] MIAN Youming;MIAO Fangfang;WU Pengnian;WANG Yuening;HOU Xianqing(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2021年第9期950-958,共9页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B05-03)。

摘　　要：针对宁夏扬黄灌区降水少、春季低温不利于玉米出苗和生长,而作物生育中后期高温胁迫导致玉米生产力低下等问题,在滴灌条件下设置秸秆全量还田(9000 kg/hm^(2))配施3个不同纯氮用量:150,300,450 kg/hm^(2)(即处理N1,N2,N3),并以秸秆还田不施氮肥为对照处理(CK),研究不同施氮量对土壤水分、土壤温度、土壤碳氮(土壤有机碳和全氮含量及碳氮比C/N)、玉米产量及水分生产率的影响.结果表明,N3处理对提高0~40 cm层土壤有机碳、全氮含量效果最佳,分别较CK处理显著提高41.5%和41.7%,而N2处理对调控土壤C/N效果最显著,较CK处理显著增加5.2%.秸秆还田配施氮肥均可提高玉米苗期(播后20 d)0~25 cm土层土壤的温度,且对玉米生育期内0~100 cm土层土壤具有很好的保水作用,以N2处理对土壤调温保水效果最佳.处理N1和N2能显著影响玉米的产量构成,较CK处理可显著增产46.2%~63.7%.同时,N2处理可显著提高玉米水分生产率,与CK处理相比,N2处理可显著促进玉米水分生产率提高36.1%.可见,秸秆配施300 kg/hm^(2)氮肥还田在宁夏扬黄灌区对调控土壤水热环境和土壤碳氮比、促进玉米产量和水分生产率增加方面,效果最佳.To solve some problems that low precipitation and low temperature in spring are not conducive to maize emergence and growth,and high temperature stress in the middle and late stage of crop growth leads to the low productivity of maize in Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of total straw returning(9000 kg/hm^(2))combined with three different pure nitrogen application rates under the condition of drip irrigation on soil moisture,temperature,soil carbon and nitrogen(soil organic carbon,total nitrogen content and carbon-nitrogen ratio),maize yield and water productivity.The nitrogen fertilization was applied with three different rates:150,300 and 450 kg/hm^(2)(i.e.treatment N1,N2,N3)in present study,while the no nitrogen fertilizer application was marked the control treatment(CK).The results show that N3 treatment has the best effect on increasing soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in 0-40 cm soil layer,which are significantly increased by 41.5%and 41.7%compared to CK treatment,respectively.While N2 treatment has the most significant effect on regulating soil C/N,which is significantly increased by 5.2%compared to CK treatment.The application of nitrogen fertilizer can improve the soil temperature at 0-25 cm layer during the seedling stage(20 days after sowing),and it has a good soil water conservation effect on the soil of 0-100 cm layer during the growth stage of maize.The soil temperature adjustment and water conservation under N2 treatment is the best.Treatment N1 and N2 can significantly affect the maize yield components,and significantly increase the yield by 46.2%-63.7%compared to CK treatment.Meanwhile,N2 treatment can significantly improve the maize water productivity by 36.1%,compared with CK treatment.It can be seen that straw returning combined with pure nitrogen 300 kg/hm^(2) has the best effect on regulating soil water and heat environment,soil carbon-nitrogen ratio,and promoting maize yield and water productivity in Yanghuang ir

关 键 词：秸秆还田 施氮 土壤水分 土壤温度 玉米产量 碳氮比 扬黄灌区 

分 类 号：S277.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]