德国产业政策的路径变迁与启示——基于《国家工业战略2030》的分析  

Path Evolution and Theoretical Reflection of German Industrial Policy:Analysis and Enlightenment Based on National Industrial Strategy 2030

作　　者：于雯杰 Yu Wenjie

机构地区：[1]中国财政科学研究院

出　　处：《财政科学》2021年第7期125-137,共13页Fiscal Science

摘　　要：根据贸易理论的演进,西方国家贸易行为经历了保护主义—自由主义—新干涉主义三个阶段,随之对产业政策的态度也多次转向。《国家工业战略2030》是德国政府出台的干预力度较大的扶持本国产业的政策实践,反映以德国为代表的欧洲国家在社会市场经济理论的指导下,强调产业链闭环、科技创新主导的同时,正在政府、社会与市场之间寻求新的平衡点,从崇尚市场自由化转向加强政府干预,从全面扶持转向扶持重点产业。面对百年未有之大变局,我国的产业政策应当改变原有范式,遵循经济理性与社会福利相结合的原则,做到有所为有所不为,与竞争政策、区域政策等协调配合,强化产业政策的社会性目标导向和对社会福祉的创造功能,提高产业政策的合理性和有效性。According to the evolution of trade theory,the trade policies of western countries have gone through three periods:protectionism,liberalism and new interventionism.As a result,attitudes towards industrial policy have shifted.German National Industrial Strategy 2030 is a response taken by the German government to support its domestic industry with strong intervention.It demonstrates that European countries represented by Germany are seeking a new balance between government,society and market under the guidance of social market economy theory,while emphasizing the closed-loop industrial chain and leading role of technological innovation,and a transformation from advocating market liberalization to strengthening government intervention,from comprehensive support to supporting key industries.In the face of the unprecedented changes in a century,industrial policy should realize the paradigm shift,follow the principle of combining economic rationality with social welfare,coordinate with competition policy and regional policy,and improve the rationality and effectiveness of industrial policy with social objectives and social welfare creation function as the guidance.

关 键 词：国家工业战略2030 新干涉主义 产业政策 社会市场经济 

分 类 号：F811.0[经济管理—财政学]