中国海水农业发展现状及前景  

Development Status and Prospect of Marine Agriculture in China

作　　者：郝明梅 李斌 李焕军 张明亮 孙琰晴 乔鹏[3] 李萌[3] 胡顺鑫 陈丽竹 相智巍 孙春晓 尼志杰 Hao Mingmei;Li Bin;Li Huanjun;Zhang Mingliang;Sun Yanqing;Qiao Peng;Li Meng;Hu Shunxin;Chen Lizhu;Xiang Zhiwei;Sun Chunxiao;Ni Zhijie(Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute,Yantai 264006,Shandong;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai 201306;Shandong Institute of Sericulture,Yantai 264002,Shandong)

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋资源与环境研究院,山东烟台264006 [2]上海海洋大学/水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [3]山东省蚕业研究所,山东烟台264002

出　　处：《农业展望》2021年第7期50-54,共5页Agricultural Outlook

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(2018-2021、SD2019YY010);山东省“渤海粮仓”科技示范工程升级版项目(2019BHLC005);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY020706);烟台市重点研发计划(2020MSGY059、2018ZHGY078)。

摘　　要：海水灌溉农业正在世界范围内兴起,给土地与淡水资源奇缺的滨海滩涂与盐碱地区的农业生产和生态修复带来了希望,必将引领第三次农业革命。海水农业生态效益和经济效益突出,不但节约淡水和土地资源,而且种植盐生作物还能持续松化土壤板结,实现“上菜下渔”式滩涂生态系统的良性循环。通过分析国内外海水农业的发展现状,包括海洋渔业和海水灌溉农业,指出现阶段中国在这一领域发展中存在起步晚、技术水平不高以及近海海域、滩涂环境受到破坏等问题。未来中国在海水农业方面的技术水平会不断提高、发展模式将更加成熟,而海水农业必将成为中国建设海洋强国的重要支撑。基于此,提出了适于中国滩涂和盐碱地区的多营养层次综合种养模式(IMTPA)。Seawater-irrigation agriculture is emerging worldwide,which brings great hope to agricultural production and ecological restoration in coastal beaches and saline-alkali areas for lack of land and freshwater resources,and will surely lead the third agricultural revolution.The ecological and economic benefits of seawater agriculture are outstanding,not only saving fresh water and land resources,but also continuously relieving soil consolidation by planting halophyte crops,and marine agriculture can realize a virtuous cycle of integrated planting-fishing in beach ecosystem.By analyzing the development status of seawater agriculture at home and abroad,including marine fishery and seawater-irrigation agriculture,problems existing in China's development in this field were analyzed,such as late start,low technical level and environmental damage in offshore areas and beaches.In the future,the technical level of seawater agriculture in China will be improved and the development pattern will be more optimal,and seawater agriculture will offer an important support for China's strategy of building an ocean power.Based on this,the integrated multi-trophic plantation and aquaculture(IMTPA)in coast beaches and saline-alkali areas was put forward.

关 键 词：海水农业 海水种植业 海洋渔业 多营养层次综合种养模式 

分 类 号：F326.4[经济管理—产业经济]