不同稻田种养模式对土壤与水体理化性状及水稻产量的影响分析  

Effects of Different Rice Cultivation Patterns on Soil and Water Physical and Chemical Properties and Rice Yield

作　　者：汤伟 陈灿[1,2] 黄璜 TANG Wei;CHEN Can;HUANG Huang(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Hunan Rice Field Ecological Planting Engineering Technology Research Center,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南省稻田生态种养工程技术研究中心,长沙410128

出　　处：《作物研究》2021年第5期490-495,共6页Crop Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0301003);湖南省重点研发计划项目(2017NK2280)。

摘　　要：为研究不同稻田生态种养模式对土壤及水体理化性状变化和水稻产量的影响,选取稻鸭、稻鳅、稻鳖、稻蟹等模式为研究对象,对各模式的土壤肥力性状变化、水体理化性状变化、土壤生物变化和水稻产量进行分析。结果表明,不同模式主要通过养殖动物的粪便来增加有机质和其他土壤养分含量,从而提高土壤肥力。大多数模式都是通过养殖动物在田间的活动来降低土壤容重,提高孔隙度或土壤团聚化程度来改善土壤结构。不同模式对水体环境的改善不同,多数模式能增加水体溶氧,但对温度无显著影响;稻鸭和稻鸭虾模式均降低了藻类种类数量和总生物量,减轻了水体污染程度,提高了水体稳定性。不同模式通过养殖动物的活动有效降低了杂草种类和生物量,明显改善了群落结构。各模式的土壤微生物量碳、氮均增加,稻蛙模式中青蛙粪便可为微生物的增殖提供良好条件,显著提高了细菌、放线菌、真菌数量。不同的种养模式对水稻产量的增加有不同程度的促进作用,增产的原因主要来源于几个方面:一是种养模式中饲料的投入和动物排泄物增加了土壤养分;二是动物在田间的活动能增加土壤孔隙度和土壤团聚化程度,改良土壤结构,同时还能改善土壤的通气状况,增加土壤微生物的生物量。In order to study the effects of different rice field ecological planting and breeding models on the changes of physical and chemical properties of soil and water body and rice yield,different planting and breeding models including rice duck,rice loach,rice turtle and rice crab were selected as the research objects,and the changes of soil fertility,physical and chemical properties of water body,soil biological changes and rice yield of each model were analyzed.The results showed that,different models mainly increased the contents of organic matter and other soil nutrients by raising animal feces,so as to improve soil fertility.Most models improve soil structure by reducing soil bulk density,increasing porosity or soil agglomeration through the activities of cultured animals in the field.Different models have different improvements on the water environment.The improvement of water environment was different in different models,most models could increase dissolved oxygen in water,but have no significant effect on temperature.The rice-duck and rice-duck-shrimp models reduced the number of algae species and total biomass,reduced the degree of water pollution and improved the stability of water body.Through the activities of breeding animals,different models effectively reduced the species and biomass of weeds,and significantly improved the community structure.The soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen of each model increased,and the frog feces in the rice-frog model could provide good conditions for microbial proliferation and significantly increased the number of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi.Different planting and breeding models can promote the increase of rice yield in diffrent degrees,and the reasons for the increase are mainly from several aspects:first,the input of feed and animal excretion in the planting and breeding model can promote the increase of soil nutrients;second,the activities of animals in the field can increase soil porosity and soil agglomeration,improve soil structure,improve soil ventila

关 键 词：水稻 生态种养 土壤 理化性状 产量 

分 类 号：F323.4[经济管理—产业经济]