论物权优先于债权原则及其例外情形  

On the Principle of Real Right Taking Precedence over Creditor's Right and Its Exceptions

作　　者：陈华彬[1] Chen Huabin

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2021年第5期17-30,共14页Law and Economy

摘　　要：物权为支配权、绝对权,债权为请求权、相对权,由于两者权利本旨属性的差异,物权优先于债权为物权法乃至民法的重要原则。其又具体表现为所有权、用益物权及担保物权皆优先于债权。唯于买卖不破租赁、预告登记、物权关系中债权约定以及基于公益和社会政策的因由,物权优先于债权又存在例外。也就是说,于此等情形,债权具有对抗第三人的优先效力,债权优先于物权。我国《民法典》对租赁权与预告登记的优先效力作了明文规定,但对其他情形下的债权具有优先效力则未予明示。对此,应借鉴大陆法系国家的共通做法与学理通说,以构筑起妥适、谐和的物权优先于债权及其例外情形的理论与实务应用系统。As real right is dominant and absolute right,while creditor's right is right of claim and relative right,the precedence of real right over creditor's right is an important principle of the property law and even the civil law.It is also specifically manifested as that ownership,usufruct right and security interest all have precedence over creditor's right respectively.However,there are exceptions only in the circumstances of no break of lease with bargain,advance notice registration,agreements on creditor's right in real right relations and for reasons of public interests and social policies.That is to say,in such cases,the creditor's right has priority effect against the third party,and the creditor's right has precedence over the real right.The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China stipulates that leasehold right and the advance notice registration have priority effect,but it does not stipulate that the creditor's right has priority effect in other cases.The explanatory theory(commentary theory and annotation theory)of that real right takes precedence over creditor's right in our country,especially its exceptions should draw on the common practice,general doctrines and jurisprudence from countries of civil law system for reference so as to construct a proper and harmonious theory and practice application system that real right takes precedence over creditor's right and its exceptions.

关 键 词：物权优先于债权 物权 绝对权 债权 相对权 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]