增氧型袋控缓释肥对日光温室番茄土壤养分、酶活性的影响  

Effects of Aeration Bag-controlled Release Fertilizer on Soil Nutrition,Enzyme Activities of Tomato in Plastic Greenhouse

作　　者：张守仕[1] 韩芳[1] 谢克英[1] 梁芳芳[1] 梁新安[1] 常介田[1] ZHANG Shoushi;HAN Fang;XIE Keying;LIANG Fangfang;LIANG Xin′an;CHANG Jietian(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Henan Vocational College of Agriculture,Zhengzhou,Henan 451450)

机构地区：[1]河南农业职业学院园艺园林学院,河南郑州451450

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第16期62-67,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：河南省现代农业产业技术体系大宗蔬菜中牟综合试验站资助项目(Z2010-03-04);河南农业职业学院科研创新团队资助项目(HNACKT-2018-02)。

摘　　要：以抗TY病毒番茄品种"迪粉尼"为试材,采用小区试验法,研究了增氧型袋控缓释肥对土壤养分、土壤酶活性及番茄生长的影响,以期为生产中增氧方法提供参考依据。结果表明:增氧型袋控缓释肥增氧效果明显,增氧型袋控缓释肥施肥处理(ABCRF)与袋控缓释肥处理(BCRF)和传统施肥处理(TF)相比,土壤铵态氮含量提高了120%和53%,硝态氮含量相同,均降低27%,速效磷含量维持在60.34 mg·kg^(-1)以上,速效钾维持在158.43 mg·kg^(-1)以上,且养分浓度稳定。过氧化氢酶、脲酶、脱氢酶取样期内表现为先升高后降低趋势,但每次取样均以ABCRF处理最高,第一穗果坐果期最高,分别达1.29 mL·g^(-1)、0.15 mg·g^(-1)·d^(-1)、4.90 mg·g^(-1)·d^(-1)。由此可知,增氧型袋控缓释肥具有普通袋控缓释肥养分释放平稳的特点,且显著提高了土壤中铵态氮含量,提高了土壤速效磷、速效钾含量,提高了土壤中过氧化氢酶、脲酶、脱氢酶活性。增氧型袋控缓释肥满足了温室番茄施肥省工要求,同时解决了温室内土壤缺氧的问题,推广价值高。Greenhouse tomatoes were used as materials,field experiments were carried out to clarify the effects of aeration bag-controlled release fertilizer on soil nutrition and enzyme activities and growth for tomato in plastic greenhouse to provide a reference for the application and popularization of this fertilizer in greenhouse production.The results showed that the aeration bag-controlled release fertilizer had a remarkable effect of oxygen aeration.The treatment of aeration bag-controlled release fertilizer(ABCRF)compared with the treatment of bag-controlled release fertilizer(BCRF)and the treatment of traditional fertilizer(TF)increased the ammonium concentration 120% and 53% decreased the concentration of nitrate concentration 27% the same.The ABCRF kept available phosphorous stable and higher than 60.34 mg·kg^(-1),available potassium stable and higher than158.43 mg·kg^(-1).Between sampling period the ABCRF had the highest catalase activity,urease activity and dehydrogenase activity sampled at the first cluster fruit setting and the value was1.29 mL·g^(-1),0.15 mg·g^(-1)·d^(-1),4.90 mg·g^(-1)·d^(-1) respectively.The activity of catalase,urease and dehydrogenase present the tendency that increased firstly and then decreased.The aeration bagcontrolled release fertilizer had the characteristic of nutrition release stable that like the bag-controlled release fertilizer and it significantly increased soil ammonium,available phosphorus and available potassium concentration,increased the activity of catalase,urease and dehydrogenase.The aeration bag-controlled release fertilizer simultaneously solved fertilizer and aeration,had low cost and was worthy to be popularized.

关 键 词：增氧栽培 日光温室番茄 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 生长 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]