北部冬麦区杂交小麦亲本配合力及杂种优势分析  

Analysis of Combining Ability and Heterosis of Hybrid Wheat Parents in Northern Winter Wheat Region

作　　者：王汉霞 马巧云 单福华[1] 田立平[1] 张风廷[1] WANG Hanxia;MA Qiaoyun;SHAN Fuhua;TIAN Liping;ZHANG Fengting(Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院,北京杂交小麦工程技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2021年第9期1055-1062,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：北部麦区优质抗旱节水高产小麦新品种培育创制项目(2017YFD0101000);北京市农林科学院青年基金项目(QNJJ202007)。

摘　　要：为了解北部冬麦区普通小麦品种间的杂种优势及其与配合力关系,选用14个普通小麦品种为亲本材料,按照NCⅡ不完全双列杂交法配制49(7×7)份杂交组合,对亲本及杂交组合的8个农艺性状进行杂种优势和配合力效应分析,并根据亲本的性状表现和一般配合力(GCA)划分杂种优势群。结果表明,杂交小麦具有普遍的中亲优势,对照优势较强,多数性状的超亲优势不强,穗粒数和千粒重是制约杂交小麦产量优势的主要因素。长6452、周麦30号、京生麦1号、中麦175的单株产量GCA较高,强优势组合有中麦175/周麦30号、中麦175/泰科麦33、京花12/周麦30号、农大5181/长6452、京生麦1号/长6452、京冬17/长6452、中麦175/石优20、京生麦1号/周麦30、中麦175/长6452、农大5181/中优206。依据双亲之一的GCA效应值或者双亲GCA效应之和较大的要求进行亲本选配,强优势组合出现的几率较大。经聚类分析,依据8个性状的GCA和表现值将14个亲本分别划分为5个和4个类别。To study the relationship between heterosis and combining ability among common wheat varieties in northern winter wheat region and divide heterosis groups to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of wheat hybrid parents,fourteen common wheat varieties were selected as parent materials and 49(7×7)byhrid combinations were prepared according to the NCⅡincomplete diallel cross design.The heterosis and combining ability effects of eight agronomic characters of parents and hybrids were analyzed.The heterosis groups were divided according to the traits and general combining ability(GCA)of the parents.The results showed that hybrid wheat had universal mid-parental advantage,strong control advantage,but weak super-parental advantage of most traits.Grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight were currently the main factors restricting the yield advantages of hybrid wheat.The GCA for yield of single plant of Chang 6452,Zhoumai 30,Jingshengmai 1 and Zhongmai 175 were higher.The combinations with high heterosis for grain yield per plant were Zhongmai 175/Zhoumai 30,Zhongmai 175/Taikemai 33,Jinghua 12/Zhoumai 30,Nongda 5181/Chang 6452,Jingshengmai 1/Chang 6452,Jingdong 17/Chang 6452,Zhongmai 175/Shiyou 20,Jingshengmai 1/Zhoumai 30,Zhongmai 175/Chang 6452,Nongda 5181/Zhongyou 206.The strong heterosis combinations were more likely to occur according to the requirement that one parent's GCA effect value or the sum of the parents'GCA effect was larger.Cluster analysis demonstrated the 14 wheat parents were divided into five groups by general combining ability of eight parents,and the 14 wheat parents were divided into 4 groups by the performance value of eight traits.

关 键 词：杂交小麦 配合力 杂种优势 北部冬麦区 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330