南极东方站深冰层及冰下湖钻探技术  

Drilling technology for deep ice and the subglacial lake at Vostok Station,Antarctica

作　　者：王秋雯[1,2] 李冰 Pavel Talalay[1,3] 孙友宏 张楠 宫达[1,3] 杨阳 范晓鹏[1,3,5] WANG Qiuwen;LI Bing;Pavel Talalay;SUN Youhong;ZHANG Nan;GONG Da;YANG Yang;FAN Xiaopeng(College of Construction Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130026,China;National‑Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of In‑situ Conversion,Drilling and Exploitation Technology for Oil Shale,Changchun Jilin 130021,China;Polar Research Center,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130026,China;School of Engineering and Technology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;College of Earth Exploration Science and Technology,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130026,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学建设工程学院,吉林长春130026 [2]油页岩地下原位转化与钻采技术国家地方联合工程实验室,吉林长春130021 [3]吉林大学极地研究中心,吉林长春130026 [4]中国地质大学(北京)工程技术学院,北京100083 [5]吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院,吉林长春130026

出　　处：《钻探工程》2021年第9期35-46,共12页Drilling Engineering

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发计划“南极冰下湖无污染钻进采样与观测系统研发”(编号:2016YFC1400302);国家自然科学基金专项“南极冰下湖科学钻探选址及冰下过程研究”(编号:41941005)、“极地冰盖前沿科学问题及探测技术”(编号:41942047)。

摘　　要：自1970年至今,前苏联和俄罗斯在南极东方站持续进行了近50年的冰层钻探活动,先后攻克了包含粒雪层、冰层、冰岩夹层和湖水冻结冰的复杂冰层钻进难题,逐渐形成了一套集热融取芯钻探、电动机械取芯钻探和分支孔钻探等为一体的深冰芯钻探技术。创造了冰层最深干孔钻进深度记录(952.4 m)、最深热融取芯钻进记录(2755 m)、最深冰芯钻探记录(3769.3 m),累计进尺达13000 m,并获取了总长超46 m的含湖水冻结冰样品的冰芯。东方站的钻探活动对极地冰层钻探技术的发展起到了巨大的推动和引领作用,同时积累了宝贵的深冰钻探经验。通过对东方站深冰钻探技术的系统梳理,将为我国正在实施的深冰芯钻探和即将开启的冰下湖科学钻探提供重要的借鉴。Since 1970,the former Soviet Union and Russia have been drilling for nearly 50 years at Vostok Station in Antarctica.It has overcome the drilling problems with complex ice layers including snow layer,ice layer,debris ice,refrozen lake ice;formed a set of deep ice core drilling technology integrating thermal core drilling,electro‑mechanical core drilling and offset hole drilling;and created the dry hole drilling depth record(952.4m),the thermal drilling depthrecord(2755m)and the ice core drilling depth record(3769.3m).The cumulative drilling footage was over 13000m,and the refrozen lake ice core with a total length of more than 46m were obtained.The drilling activities at Vostok Station have played a great role in promoting and leading the development of polar ice drilling technology,and accumulated valuable deep ice core drilling experience.This paper conducts a systematic review of deep ice drilling technology at Vostok Station to provide important reference for China’s ongoing deep ice core drilling and the upcoming subglacial lake exploration.

关 键 词：南极 东方站 深冰芯 热融钻探 电动机械钻探 冰下湖 

分 类 号：P634[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]