全面求异,深入求同——基于副词“都”个案研究的方法论思考  

Seeking Differences,and Seeking Common Ground Deeply:Methodological Thinking of the Case Study of the Adverb“Dou”

作　　者：钟华[1] Zhong Hua(Overseas Education College of Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou Fujian,350117)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学海外教育学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《语言科学》2021年第4期383-401,共19页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：福建省社会科学规划项目(FJ2020B130)经费支持。

摘　　要：基于汉语语法研究的经典案例——副词“都”的个案研究,文章梳理了语法个案研究的三个阶段(提出问题、分析问题、解决问题)中两种基本思维方式(求异思维、求同思维)的实施途径。在提出问题阶段,要尽可能全面地找出相关论题三个方面的“不一致”,并在此基础上,对形成“不一致”的深层原因,对与之相关的上位范畴、基础理论等问题进行追问,这是深入、全面地“提出问题”,并找到突破方向的主要途径。在分析问题阶段,对所提问题,需要区别对待,即排除“假”问题,区分核心问题、边缘问题,确定目标问题及其研究顺序。在“提出问题、分析问题”阶段,占主导地位的是同中求异——“求异思维”。而在“解决问题”阶段,占主导地位的是异中求同——“求同思维”,寻找一致性。在列举了常见的“求同”途径后,文章还补充并强调了,需要关注“顶层设计”,即深入到相关论题的上位范畴及其基础理论中去寻找一致性。另外,文章还简要分析了副词“都”研究的主要失误和成因。Taking the case of researches on the adverb Dou(都)as an example,this paper investigates how the two basic ways of thinking[divergent thinking(seeking differences);convergent thinking(seeking commonalities)]are operated in three stages of grammar studies(raising problems,analyzing problems and solving problems).In the stage of raising problems,we should try to find out the inconsistencies in three aspects of the relevant topics as comprehensively as possible.And on this basis,we should try to ask some questions such as what are the underlying causes of these inconsistencies,what are the relevant super ordinate categories and basic theories,and so on.This is the main way to raise problems in depth and comprehensively,and the main way to find a breakthrough direction.In the stage of analyzing problems,all of these problems need to be treated differently.We should eliminate pseudo problems,distinguish the core problems from peripheral problems,determine target problems and their research sequence.Divergent thinking(seeking differences in the common laities)predominates in the stages of raising problems and analyzing problems.But convergent thinking(seeking commonalities/common grounds in the differences)predominates in the stage of solving problems.After illustrating the common approaches to seeking commonalities/common grounds,this paper has adds and emphasizes that we should try to design on top-layer,that is to seek commonalities/common grounds deeply in the relevant super ordinate categories and the relevant basic theories.In addition,this paper also briefly analyzes the main causes of the main problems in the studies on the adverb Dou.

关 键 词：语法研究 全面求异 深入求同 “都” 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]