烟嘧磺隆残留对下茬作物高粱生长发育及生理代谢的影响  

Effects of Nicosulfuron Residue on Growth and Development and Physiological Metabolism of Succeeding Crop of Sorghum

作　　者：张建华[1] 白文斌 张一中 曹昌林 郭瑞峰 平俊爱 郝佳丽[1] ZHANG Jian-hua;BAI Wen-bin;ZHANG Yi-zhong;CAO Chang-lin;GUO Rui-feng;PING Jun-ai;HAO Jia-li(Shanxi Agricultural University,Institute of Sorghum/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation,Jinzhong 030600,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学高粱研究所/高粱遗传与种质创新山西省重点实验室,山西晋中030600

出　　处：《农药》2021年第9期663-667,673,共6页Agrochemicals

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201903D221057);高粱遗传与种质创新山西省重点实验室项目(2019Q-5);国家重点研发计划子课题(2020YFD1000803-3);国家基础性长期性监测项目(ZX04S0406000,AES2020S0406);酿造专用高粱育种及利用山西省科技创新团队。

摘　　要：[目的]通过研究除草剂烟嘧磺隆在土壤中的残留对后茬高粱生长发育、生理代谢及产量的影响,明确高粱耐烟嘧磺隆的最高限量。[方法]通过大田试验,以后茬作物高粱为研究对象,测定不同土壤残留浓度下高粱的出苗率、株高、叶绿素、净光合速率、丙二醛含量、抗氧化酶活性及产量的变化。[结果]与对照相比,烟嘧磺隆田间残留抑制了高粱的出苗率、株高;降低了叶绿素含量及净光合速率;使抗氧化酶活性发生变化,其中SOD活性降低,POD活性升高;增加了丙二醛含量;降低了高粱成穗率、千粒重及产量;不同高粱品种相比,晋杂22号高粱较晋糯3号耐烟嘧磺隆残留能力较强。就施用剂量来说,15 g a.i./hm^(2)基本不影响高粱的出苗生长及产量,而30 g a.i./hm^(2)高粱产量则大幅下降。[结论]高粱耐烟嘧磺隆的最高限量为30 g a.i./hm^(2)。[Aims] This paper aims to determine the maximum tolerance of sorghum to nicosulfuron by studying the effects of the herbicide nicosulfuron residue in the soil on the growth and development, physiological metabolism and yield of the following sorghum. [Methods] The field experiment was conducted to determine emergence rate, the plant height, chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate, malondialdehyde(MDA) contents, antioxidant enzyme activity and yield of sorghum at different nicosulfuron residual concentrations. [Results] Compared with the control, the nicosulfuron residue in the field inhibited emergence rate and the plant height, reduced the content of chlorophyll and net photosynthetic rate, increased the content of MDA, changed the activities of antioxidant enzymes, decreased the activities of SOD and increased the activity of POD, reduced earing rat, thousand grain weight and yield of sorghum.Compared with different sorghum varieties, Jinza 22 sorghum was more resistant to nicosulfuron residue than Jinnuo 3.As far as the applied dosage was concerned, the dosage of 15 g a.i./ha do not affect the emergence, growth and yield of sorghum, while the output of sorghum at 15 g a.i./ha dropped significantly. [Conclusions] The maximum limit of nicosulfuron-resistant sorghum was 30 g a.i./ha.

关 键 词：烟嘧磺隆 残留 高粱 生长发育 生理代谢 产量 

分 类 号：TQ450.2[化学工程—农药化工]