北京市海淀区全面两孩政策实施前后产妇特征及出生人口趋势分析  

Analysis on the trend of maternal characteristics and birth population before and after the two-child policy

作　　者：毛康娜[1] 李丹丹[1] 孟超[1] 李雪莹 李会静 MAO Kang Na;LI Dan Dan;MENG Chao;LI Xue Ying;LI Hui Jing(Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of HaiDian District,Beijing 100080,China;Department of Maternal and Child health,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区妇幼保健院,北京100080 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系,北京100191

出　　处：《中国妇幼卫生杂志》2021年第3期56-59,共4页Chinese Journal of Women and Children Health

摘　　要：目的了解分析全面两孩政策实施前后产妇特征及出生人口变化趋势,为制定新形势下孕产妇医疗保健服务相关政策提供依据。方法选取2015年1月1日-2019年12月31日,户籍在北京市海淀区的产妇及活产儿作为研究对象,对活产数、高龄产妇、经产妇、不良妊娠结局等指标进行描述性分析,并采用趋势χ^(2)分析检验其随时间变化趋势。结果北京市海淀区活产数在2016年达到最高值,为28 225例,以后逐年下降,2019年下降至19 285例;经产妇比例在2017年最高,为45.90%,此后逐年下降,2019年为36.91%,远高于2015年的25.13%。高龄产妇比例从2015年的18.88%逐渐增加到2018年的31.31%,2019年略有下降,总体呈上升趋势(P<0.05);低出生体重儿、早产儿、剖宫产率均随着时间变化呈上升趋势(均P<0.05)。结论全面两孩政策的实施对北京市海淀区人口均衡发展有积极意义,但由于高龄产妇的比例增加,孕产期保健管理仍要面对较大的挑战。建议已婚育龄女性在最佳生育年龄应尽早做好生育计划。Objective To understand the characteristics of pregnant women and the trend of birth population in Haidian District before and after the implementation of the comprehensive two child policy, and to analyze the challenges faced by maternal health care,so as to provide the basis for the government to formulate relevant policies.Methods From January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019,the pregnant women and live births registered residence in Haidian District, Beijing were enrolled in the research. Descriptive analysis was made on the number of live births, elderly parturients, parturients, adverse pregnancy outcomes and so on. The trendχ2 test was used to test the trend of the change with time.Results The number of live births in Haidian District of Beijing reached the highest value in 2016, which was 28 225 cases, and then decreased year by year, and dropped to 19 285 cases in 2019;the proportion of multipara was the highest in 2017, which was 45. 90%, and then decreased year by year, which was 36. 91% in 2019, far higher than25. 13% in 2015. The proportion of elderly pregnant women increased gradually from 18. 88% in 2015 to 31. 31% in 2018, and decreased slightly in 2019, showing an overall upward trend(P< 0. 05);the low birth weight infants, early delivery infants, cesarean section rate showed an upward trend(P< 0. 05).Conclusion The implementation of the comprehensive two child policy has positive significance for the balanced development of population in Haidian District. However, due to the increase in the proportion of elderly pregnant women, the management of maternal health care is still facing great challenges. It is suggested that married women of childbearing age should make family planning as soon as possible and strive to complete childbearing at the best childbearing age.

关 键 词：出生人口 孕产期保健 两孩政策 趋势 

分 类 号：R714[医药卫生—妇产科学]