密度和灌溉量互作对76 cm等行距机采棉产量及水分利用效率的影响  

The impact of interaction between density and irrigation volume on yield of machine-harvested cotton with 76 cm equivalent row spacing and water use efficiency

作　　者：吴凤全[1] 林涛[2] 陈兵林[3] 周治国[3] 赵文青[3] 陈利军 汤秋香[1] WU Fengquan;LIN Tao;CHEN Binglin;ZHOU Zhiguo;ZHAO Wenqing;CHEN Lijun;TANG Qiuxiang(College of Agriculture/Engineering Research Centre of Cotton,Ministry of Education,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Industrial Cash Crop,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Production Management,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院/棉花教育部工程研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [3]南京农业大学农业农村部作物生理生态与生产管理重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2021年第5期833-840,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：南京农业大学-新疆农业大学联合基金项目(KYYJ201802);国家自然科学基金项目(31960386);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新平台能力提升建设专项(25107020-202001);新疆农业大学研究生科研创新项目(XJAUGRI2020003)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在明确密度与灌溉量互作对76 cm等行距机采棉产量的调控效应,促进农机农艺深度融合。[方法]在新疆阿克苏棉区以‘新陆中88号’为材料,设置13.5万株·hm^(-2)(D1,低密度)、18.0万株·hm^(-2)(D2、中密度,CK)和22.5万株·hm^(-2)(D3,高密度)3个密度处理主区,3150 m 3·hm^(-2)[I1,重度亏缺(田间持水率的50%)]、4050 m 3·hm^(-2)[I2(CK),轻度亏缺(田间持水率的75%)]和4950 m 3·hm^(-2)[I3,充分灌溉(田间持水率的100%)]3个灌溉量处理副区,研究密度和灌溉量互作对76 cm等行距机采棉干物质积累与分配、棉铃时间分布、产量及其构成因素的影响。[结果]种植密度和灌溉量的提高均能延缓花铃期后叶面积指数的下降速率。随着种植密度的提高,群体干物质积累和单位面积的结铃数均增加,但经济器官的分配比例及单铃重有所降低。增加灌溉量,群体干物质积累及经济器官分配比例呈现先升后降的趋势,但在高密度种植条件下,单铃重随灌溉量的增加呈现下降趋势。在密度与灌溉量互作条件下,D3I1的干物质快速累积量较大。进入吐絮期后,D3I1的经济器官分配比例高,使籽棉产量和水分利用效率比其他处理分别提高了3.48%~25.93%和1.14%~43.29%。[结论]在76 cm等行距种植模式下,高密度种植、重度亏缺灌溉有利于群体干物质积累量向经济器官的转移,提高单铃重、棉花产量及水分利用效率。[Objectives]This paper aimed to define the regulation effect of the interaction between density and irrigation volume on yield of machine-harvested cotton with 76 cm equivalent row spacing and promote deep integration between agricultural machinery and technology.[Methods]Through setting three primary processing zones by density[D1,low density,135000 plants·hm^(-2);D2,medium density(CK),180000 plants·hm^(-2);D3,high density,225000 plants·hm^(-2)]and three secondary processing zones by irrigation volume 3150 m 3·hm^(-2)[I1,severe shortage(50%of field moisture capacity)],4050 m 3·hm^(-2)[I2(CK),slight shortage(75%of field moisture capacity)]and 4950 m 3·hm^(-2)[I3,fully irrigated(100%of field moisture capacity)],this paper selected the‘Xinluzhong 88’in Aksu cotton region as the material to study the impact of the interaction between density and irrigation volume on dry matter accumulation and distribution of machine-harvested cotton with 76 cm equivalent row spacing,temporal distribution of cotton boll,yield,and components.[Results]The improvement of cropping density and irrigation volume slowed down the descending rate of leaf-area index after the flowering and boll-forming stage.The dry matter accumulation of groups and quantity of bolls per unit area increased with improvement of the cropping density,but distribution proportion of economic organs and single boll weight declined slightly.Through increasing the irrigation volume,the dry matter accumulation of groups and distribution proportion of economic organs tended to rise and then decline.However,the single boll weight tended to decline with increase of the irrigation volume under the high-density cropping condition.The dry matter fast accumulation of D3I1 was large under the interaction between density and irrigation volume.During the boll opening stage,the high distribution proportion of economic organs of D3I1 promoted the yield of seed cotton and water use efficiency to increase 3.48%-25.93%and 1.14%-43.29%respectively,compared to other treatmen

关 键 词：棉花 机械 采收 叶面积指数 干物质积累 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]