解磷真菌复合骨炭材料修复铅污染土壤的机制研究  

A study of lead remediation in soil by phosphate-solubilizing fungus and bone char

作　　者：韩飞宇 汤育楷 赖桢媛 裘晶晶 李真[1] HAN Feiyu;TANG Yukai;LAI Zhenyuan;QIU Jingjing;LI Zhen(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2021年第5期887-894,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1808000)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在利用解磷真菌复合骨炭材料研究其在不同土壤中的重金属修复效果。[方法]首先将3种类型的铅污染土壤(中性黄棕壤、碱性砂壤、酸性红壤)与不同温度烧制后的骨炭进行混合培养45 d后,测定有效磷和有效铅含量,评估骨炭在不同土壤中的修复差异。然后通过种植不结球白菜来确定经骨炭材料修复的铅污染土壤的生物有效性。最后在修复效果最好的土壤中添加复合修复剂确认其应用价值。[结果]骨炭在黄棕壤中促进磷元素释放效果最佳,有效磷含量为对照的64倍,显示其具备良好的铅修复潜力。黄棕壤的pH值呈中性,土壤中的有效磷不会被钙、铁、铝等固定,从而增加了其和铅的反应效率。单独使用骨炭时,200~300℃温度处理的材料修复效果良好。在黄棕壤中种植不结球白菜验证经骨炭修复的铅污染土壤的生物有效性,发现在黄棕壤中添加骨炭与铅的初始质量比为0.5∶1以上的骨炭可以提高不结球白菜对磷的吸收,提高2.0~3.5倍,同时减少不结球白菜对铅的吸收,不结球白菜叶片中铅含量比对照减少70%~80%。在黄棕壤中混施骨炭和黑曲霉对铅固定效果比单独施用效果稍好,有效铅含量降低到14.36 mg·kg^(-1),且培养后黑曲霉保持活性,验证了复合材料的修复潜力。[结论]骨炭和黑曲霉复合材料是针对中性土壤的良好铅修复材料,同时制备骨炭的加热温度以200~300℃为宜。[Objectives]This paper was aimed to study the remediation effects of phosphate-solubilizing fungi and bone char in different soils.[Methods]Three different types of lead-contaminated soils(neutral yellow brown soil,alkaline sand soil and acidic red soil)were mixed with the bone char sintered at different temperatures.We measured the contents of phosphorus and lead,and the remediation differences of different soils.The Pb bioavailability of lead-contaminated soil was then determined by planting non-heading Chinese cabbage.The application potential of compound remediation materials was confirmed by adding compound remediation agents to the soil with the best remediation effect.[Results]The bone char had the best effect of promoting the release of phosphorus in yellow brown soil,and the available phosphorus content was 64 times higher than that of the control,showing a high potential of lead remediation.The pH of yellow brown soil was neutral,and the available P in the soil would not be fixed by Ca,Fe,Al,etc.,thus increasing the probability of its reaction with Pb.When bone char was solely used,the material treated at 200-300℃had qualified remediation effect.We planted non-heading Chinese cabbage to verify the bioavailability of lead in yellow brown soil after bone char application.It was observed that addition of a certain proportion of bone char to yellow brown soil(the initial mass ratio of bone char to lead was over 0.5∶1)could not only increase the absorption of phosphorus by 2.0 to 3.5 times,but also reduce the absorption of lead by non-heading Chinese cabbage(content of lead in pakchoi leaves was reduced by 70%to 80%compared with blank treatment).A composite of bone char and Aspergillus niger was further applied to yellow brown soil,and the effective lead was reduced to 14.36 mg·kg^(-1).In particular,the growth of the A.niger proved the remediation potential of the composite.[Conclusions]The composite of bone char and A.niger was suitable for lead remediation in neutral soils,and the suitable heating tem

关 键 词：土壤 铅 骨炭 修复 黑曲霉 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]