《汉书·艺文志》“杂家”蠡测  

Brief Analysis of"Zajia"(杂家)in Han Shu·Art and Literature(《汉书·艺文志》)

作　　者：张申[1] ZHANG Shen(School of History and Culture,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050024,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学历史文化学院,河北石家庄050024

出　　处：《石家庄学院学报》2021年第5期64-75,160,共13页Journal of Shijiazhuang University

基　　金：河北省2020年研究生创新资助项目“尉缭和《尉缭子》研究”(CXZZBS2020074)。

摘　　要：《汉书·艺文志·诸子略》有“九流十家”,杂家为其中“一家一流”。班固言杂家者流盖出于王官之议官,而周官议官后世无从可考,且汉以后历代志书杂家类书目变动极大,使后世学者对于杂家究竟为何种学派争论不休。襍与雑虽俱为今简体“杂”字之繁体,但二字本意尚有所区别,战汉时期所言杂家当写作襍家更为恰当。通过将战汉史料与《汉志》《隋志》对襍家定义对比研究后可发现,襍家与西汉早期之前的博士官特征极为相似,为襍家学者或即当时之博士。汉以后博士为儒者垄断,又武帝“罢黜百家”后儒家以外百家学皆为杂学,而诸子又皆有他名固称无需再易其名,原“博士家”也就是后来的襍家,再称博士之名已不再合宜,故刘、班以“襍家”名之。Han Shu·Art and Literature·Zhu Zi Lue(《汉书·艺文志·诸子略》)has"nine streams and ten schools",among which miscellaneous families are one of them.Ban Gu has said miscellaneous scholars came from the judges of the royal officials,but Zhou Guan's judges could not be examined in later generations.Moreover,the bibliography of the miscellaneous scholars in the Chronicles after the Han Dynasty changes greatly,which caused the later scholars to debate on which school the miscellaneous family belonged.Although both Za(襍)and Za(雑)are the traditional simplified characters of"Za"(杂),the original meanings of the two characters are still different.It is more appropriate to write the eclectics as Zajia(襍家)from the War States to the Han Dynasty.By comparing the historical materials of the Zhan Han(战汉)Dynasty with the definition of the eclectics in the Han Zhi(《汉志》)and Sui Zhi(《隋志》),it can be found that Zajia(襍家)is very similar to the Boshiguan(博士官)before the early Western Han Dynasty,and they are eclectics scholars or Boshi(博士)at that time.After the Han Dynasty,Boshi(博士)are monopolized by Confucianists,and after Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty"dismissed a hundred schools of thought",all the schools of learning except Confucianism are all miscellaneous,and all the scholars have their own names and no need to change their names.The former"Boshijia"(博士家),that is Zajia(杂家)later,is no longer appropriate to call as Boshi(博士),so Liu Bang and Ban Gu named them as"Zajia"(襍家).

关 键 词：《汉书》 《艺文志》 《诸子略》 杂家 襍家 

分 类 号：G256[文化科学—图书馆学]