司法过程中的法感情——基于心理学情绪理论的分析  

The Emotiion of Justice in Judicial Process——An Analysis Based on the Psychological Theory of Emotion

作　　者：唐丰鹤 Tang Fenghe

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学法学院,杭州310014

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第5期183-192,共10页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：中华人民共和国司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“情感影响法官司法决策的实验研究”(18SFB2004)。

摘　　要：法感情的主体不仅包括当事人,也包括旁观者,旁观者的法感情是指法官、社会公众作为不义之事的旁观者在不义之事发生时内心涌出的愤怒和义愤之情,或者看到正义伸张时油然而生的愉悦和满足之情,同时,旁观者的法感情还包括他对当事人的愤怒、憎恶、喜爱、同情及对主持正义者的感激之情。法感情的心理根源可以用共情机制来解释。基于理性/情感二分法的成见,人们往往认为情感是非理性的,但是情绪的“认知评价理论”指出,情感活动其实是认知与评价活动,因而可以是理性的,这为司法裁判接纳法感情带来了一线曙光。由于情感启发式的作用,司法裁判不可能将法感情拒之门外,同时,法感情对司法裁判的影响也是有益的,甚至是必不可少的,因为法感情为法律发现、法律解释、事实认定、司法判决提供了方向性指引。当然,法感情的作用也是有风险的,因此,要辨别法感情的对错,对法官正确的法感情要予以积极回应,而对错误的法感情则要坚决加以拒斥或修正,由于公众法感情代表了社会主流的正义感,因此要充分尊重正确的公众法感情,最后,法感情必须要在法规范允许的范围内发挥作用。The subject of the emotiion of justice includes not only the parties involved,but also the bystanders.The emotiion of justice of bystanders refers to the righteous anger that the judges and the public,as bystanders of injustice,gush out when the injustice occurs,or the joy and satisfaction that arise when they see the justice being done.At the same time,the emotiion of justice of bystanders also includes their anger,hatred,love and sympathy to the parties and their gratitude to those who uphold justice.The emotiion of justice can be explained by empathy mechanism.Based on the reason/emotion dichotomy,people often think that emotion is irrational,but according to the cognitive evaluation theory of emotion,emotional activities are cognitive and evaluation activities in fact,so emotion can be rational.Due to such effect,heuristic,judicial process cannot shut out the emotiion of justice.What s more,the impact of the emotiion of justice on judicial process is often positive,and even essential,because the emotiion of justice provides guidance for legal discovery,legal interpretation,fact finding and judicial decision-making.On the other hand,the impact of the emotiion of justice on judicial process can be risky because the emotiion of justice may be wrong,so it is necessary to distinguish which is the right emotiion of justice and which is the wrong.On this basis,judges should follow their correct emotiion of justice,and resolutely reject or correct the wrong.The emotiion of justice of the public represents the mainstream opinion about what is right in a given society,so we should fully respect the correct emotiion of justice of the public.Finally,the emotiion of justice must play its role within the scope allowed by legal norms.

关 键 词：情感 理性 司法裁判 法感情 情绪认知评价理论 

分 类 号：D910.1[政治法律—法学] D842.6