从对立到共治:经济高速增长期东京都市圈的公害治理  

On the Governance of the Public Hazards of Pollution in Tokyo Metropolitan Area during the Period of High Economic Growth

作　　者：郭小鹏[1] GUO Xiaopeng

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学历史与旅游文化学院

出　　处：《城市观察》2021年第4期136-144,共9页Urban Insight

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“战后日本城市转型发展及其治理研究”(18CSS025)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：日本在经济高速增长期坚持生产第一主义,导致公害集中爆发。东京都市圈被称为“公害样本城市”,具有种类齐全、不断变异、广域扩散等特征。围绕公害问题受害者、发生源和监管者形成复杂的角力,治理陷入僵局,导致社会对抗。在公害反对运动背景下,东京都市圈的革新自治体率先破局,横滨市与企业缔结公害防止协定,东京都颁布了公害防止条例,设立环境基准,规制公害发生源,救济受害者,倡导广域治理。革新自治体促使日本政府调整发展战略,转向生活环境优先,为公害治理提供了政策依据,形成多元共治的局面。The public hazards of pollution in Japan broke out during the period of high economic growth.Tokyo metropolitan was called“the museum of public hazards of pollution”.The public hazards which were rich in variety,evolved constantly and spread to suburbs.In the background of anti-hazards,Yokohama City concluded agreements with corporations,which led the governance of the public hazards by local government.Tokyo metropolitan government saw transformation in setting the environment standards,restricting sources of pollution,relieving victims,and promoting cross-regional governance of pollution.The emergence of innovative local government motivated the adjustment of environmental policy for the Japanese government.The state strategy from economic first to living environment as priority supported the pollution governance in collaborative system.The experience of Tokyo metropolitan area in coping with environmental pollution provides lessons for other areas.

关 键 词：东京都市圈 高速增长期 公害治理 革新自治体 

分 类 号：K313.5[历史地理—历史学]