渭南市“十三五”期间碘缺乏病监测结果分析  

Analysis of surveillance results of iodine deficiency disorders in Weinan City during the“Thirteenth Five-Year Plan”

作　　者：徐向明 赵爱珠[2] 周敏 王月皎[2] 石梁[2] 陈静宏[1] XU Xiang-ming;ZHAO Ai-zhu;ZHOU Min;WANG Yue-jiao;SHI Liang;CHEN Jing-hong(Institute of Endemic Diseases,School of Public Health,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health Commission,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710061,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院地方病研究所,国家卫健委微量元素与地方病重点实验室,陕西710061 [2]渭南市疾病预防控制中心,陕西714000

出　　处：《中国地方病防治》2021年第4期311-314,共4页Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases

摘　　要：目的分析渭南市"十三五"期间碘缺乏病监测结果,为持续巩固碘缺乏病防治成果和制定渭南市地方病防治"十四五"规划提供科学依据。方法2016年至2020年,采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方式,每年抽取2100名8~10周岁儿童和1050名孕妇,采集儿童、孕妇尿样及其家中食用盐样,儿童甲状腺肿大情况用触诊法检查,部分儿童同时采用便携式B超机检查;尿碘采用砷铈催化分光光度法测定;盐碘采用直接滴定法测定。结果2016年至2020年,渭南市合格碘盐覆盖率呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=35.52,P<0.05),从2016年的94.54%上升到2020年的96.97%,非碘盐率呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=86.33,P<0.05),从2016年的2.29%下降到2020年的0.35%。儿童尿碘中位数为251.78μg/L,不同年度尿碘浓度分布不全相同,2016年最高,2018年最低,差异有统计学意义(H=151.50,P<0.05);男童尿碘高于女童,差异有统计学意义(Z=-9.53,P<0.05),不同年龄儿童尿碘浓度分布不全相同,8岁组高于9岁组,9岁组高于10岁组,差异有统计学意义(H=16.50,P<0.05)。孕妇尿碘中位数为179.71μg/L,不同年度尿碘浓度分布不全相同,差异有统计学意义(H=100.53,P<0.05),2016年最高,2017年最低;城区孕妇尿碘浓度高于乡镇,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.19,P<0.05)。8~10周岁儿童甲状腺肿大率为1.57%,2017年高于其他年度,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=44.682,P<0.05),B超法儿童甲状腺肿大率为1.34%,2017年高于其他年度,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.436,P<0.05)。结论"十三五"期间渭南市碘缺乏病达到了国家消除标准,居民户合格碘盐覆盖率维持在较高水平,儿童碘营养水平为大于适宜量摄入,有超量摄入风险;孕妇尿碘水平为适宜量摄入,有摄入不足风险;儿童甲状腺肿大率维持在较低水平。需深入调查特殊人群碘营养水平的影响因素,开展碘缺乏病的健康教育时,对不同人群要分类宣传。Objective Analyze the monitoring results of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)during the"13 th Five-Year Plan"period in Weinan City,Shaanxi Province,and provide scientific basis for the continuous consolidation of IDD prevention and control results and the formulation of the"14 th Five-Year Plan"for endemic disease prevention and control in Weinan City.Methods From 2016 to 2020,a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was adopted to sample 2100 children aged 8-10 and 1050 pregnant women each year.Urine samples of children and pregnant women and their household salt samples were collected.The thyroid enlargement in children were checked by palpation.Some children were also examined by portable B-ultrasound.The contents of urine iodine was determined by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.The content of salt iodine was determined by direct titration.Results During the"13 th Five-Year Plan"period,the coverage rate of qualified iodized salt in Weinan City showed an upward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=35.52,P<0.05),and the non-iodized salt rate showed a downward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=86.33,P<0.05).The median urinary iodine of children was 251.78μg/L.The distribution of urinary iodine concentration in different years was not the same,and the difference was statistically significant(H=151.50,P<0.05).The urinary iodine of boys was higher than that of girls,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=-9.53,P<0.05),the distribution of urinary iodine in children of different age groups was not all the same,the difference was statistically significant(H=16.50,P<0.05).The median urinary iodine of pregnant women was 179.71μg/L.The distribution of urinary iodine concentration in different years was not the same,and the difference was statistically significant(H=100.53,P<0.05).The difference in urinary iodine distribution of pregnant women in urban and rural areas was statistically significant(Z=-2.19,P<0.05).The rate of goiter in children aged 8-10 by palpation was 1.57%,and the difference in the rate of goiter each

关 键 词：碘缺乏病 尿碘 儿童 孕妇 甲状腺肿 

分 类 号：R599.9[医药卫生—内科学]