微矿分离:煤炭清洁化与土壤改良的新契机  

A novel mineral separation process:New opportunity for clean coal utilization and soil remediation

作　　者：吴昌宁 翁力 李俊国 贾昊霖 王欣 陈加利 黄伟 胡顺轩 曹道帆 周宝楠 楚长青 赵冰龙 刘科 Changning Wu;Li Weng;Junguo Li;Haolin Jia;Xin Wang;Jiali Chen;Wei Huang;Shunxuan Hu;Daofan Cao;Baonan Zhou;Changqing Chu;Binglong Zhao;Ke Liu(Department of Chemistry,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China;Clean Energy Institute,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China;Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Coal Comprehensive Utilization,School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]南方科技大学化学系,深圳518055 [2]南方科技大学前沿与交叉科学研究院,清洁能源研究院,深圳518055 [3]南方科技大学创新创业学院,深圳低质煤综合利用工程研究中心,深圳518055

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第25期3352-3364,共13页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：广东省创新创业团队项目(2016ZT06N532);深圳市高层次人才创新创业计划(KYTDPT20181011104002,KQTD20180411143418361);深圳市绿色低碳产业发展专项资金(XMHT20190203001);深圳清洁能源研究院项目(CERIKY-2019-003);深圳燃气-南科大联合研发项目(S1802017);吕梁市政府-南科大绿色清洁能源联合实验室项目(TO2005006);北京热力-南科大创新创业学院联合实验室项目(TO2005002)资助。

摘　　要：报道一种新型的矿物分离技术.该技术集成了磨矿、分离、颗粒级配和土壤改良技术,是结合微纳米科学与材料加工技术等开发的一种多学科交叉的能源化工创新性技术.利用此技术可以高效地选择性脱除含碳材料源中的微量元素及矿物质,制备出清洁固体燃料(clean solid fuel,CSF)、清洁类液体燃料(pseudo liquid fuel,PLF)以及土壤改良矿物质(soil remediation minerals,SRM),简称为微矿分离(RMS)技术.该技术主要包括4个工艺步骤:(1)基于矿物嵌布形态解构,采用流体磨实现碳质组分与无机组分的高效解离;(2)采用颗粒表面改性、多相流界面调控及专用助剂等将碳质颗粒和无机颗粒高效分离;(3)分离之后形成的碳质颗粒流,脱水制成CSF,或者进入PLF制备单元,同时无机颗粒流经脱水制成SRM;(4)采用多峰级配将碳质颗粒制成高浓度PLF.RMS工艺技术经小试和工业放大试验,已完成工业放大验证,可燃体回收率大于80%的同时CSF灰分小于7%.SRM制成的天然矿物质肥料和土壤改良剂,可有效缓解表土流失问题,提高植被及作物产量,通过植物及土壤增量固碳,进而达到碳中和目的.RMS技术可生产低成本的清洁燃料并可实现煤基固废的资源化利用,为煤炭的高效清洁化利用和CO2减排提供了可靠的途径.China currently consumes nearly 4 billion tons of coal annually with 64.7%of China’s electricity in 2019 being sourced from coal-firing power plants.There are about 700000 small and medium-sized coal-burning boilers which consume 750 million tons of coal annually in 2017.These boilers are one of the major sources of air pollution and smog in China.The cost for equipping each small and medium-sized boiler with desulfurization and denitrification facilities(such as selective catalytic reduction,SCR)is prohibitively high.Additionally,it is not feasible to convert most of these coal-fired boilers to burn natural gas as the natural gas supply in China equates to about 220 million tons of standard coal units.Therefore,the only viable option for reducing air pollution while retaining energy security is to make the coal cleaner cost effectively prior to combustion.Also the introduction of chemical fertilizers(like ammonium nitrate)stimulated greater yield of crops,but changed the subsurface chemistry of the soil structure,locking up calcium,burning out humus,causing acidic soils and destroying the microorganism/mineral balance.A novel mineral separation technology has been developed.This technology(hereafter called"Rev Tech minerals separation technology"or"RMS technology")combines milling,separation,particle grading and soil remediation,enhanced by nanotechnology and advanced materials science with an innovative product conditioning system in energy and chemical engineering field.It effectively separates minerals and trace elements from carbonaceous feedstocks,producing high-grade and low-emission fuels,namely clean solid fuel(CSF)and pseudo liquid fuel(PLF),and natural ancient minerals called soil remediation minerals(SRM).The technology mainly involves four process steps:(1)Particles are milled using low-power consumption micronization technology,based on mineralogical characteristics;(2)carbonaceous and mineral particles are separated after specified surface modification and multiphase flow interphase regulation wi

关 键 词：矿物分离 清洁固体燃料 类液体燃料 土壤改良矿物质 碳中和 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] TQ536[农业科学—农业基础科学]