技术创新能否实现环保与就业的“双重红利”——基于285个地级市面板数据的实证检验  

Whether Technological Innovation can Achieve the“Double Dividend”of Environmental Protection and Employment——Empirical Test Based on Panel Data of 285 Prefecture-level Cities

作　　者：宋德勇[1] 毕道俊 Song Deyong;Bi Daojun

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学经济学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《经济问题探索》2021年第9期55-66,共12页Inquiry Into Economic Issues

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“环境保护与经济高质量发展融合的机制、路径和政策体系研究”(18ZDA050),项目负责人:宋德勇。

摘　　要：本文采用我国285个地级市面板数据,首先对环境规制与就业的非线性关系进行验证,其次借助面板门槛模型说明不同技术创新水平以及创新路径选择下环境规制就业效应的变动情况,并运用中介效应模型对技术创新的具体作用进行说明。研究显示:(1)环境规制对劳动力就业存在先抑制后促进的影响,当环境规制与就业同处于上升阶段时环保与就业的"双重红利"能够实现。(2)环境规制对就业的影响具有技术创新门槛,当技术创新水平跨越一定门槛值并不断提高时,环境标准的提升方能带动就业增长。(3)技术创新在环境保护与就业增长之间具有中介作用,但环境规制下不同的技术创新路径对就业的影响具有差异。技术引进对就业的创造效应影响甚微,而自主创新能够有效实现环保与就业的"双重红利"。因此,为实现环境保护与就业增长双赢,需在适度提升环境规制强度的同时,提升技术创新水平,尤其通过增强自主创新能力带动就业增长。This paper uses panel data from 285 prefecture-level cities in China and first verifies the nonlinear relationship between environmental regulations and employment.Secondly,the panel threshold model is used to illustrate the changes in employment effects of environmental regulations under different technological innovation levels and innovation path choices.In addition,the mediation effect model is used to explain the specific role of technological innovation.Research shows that:(1)Environmental regulation has the effect of first restraining and then promoting labor employment.When environmental regulation and employment are at the same rising stage,the"dual dividend"of environmental protection and employment can be realized.(2)The impact of environmental regulations on employment has a technological innovation threshold.When the level of technological innovation crosses a certain threshold and continues to increase,the improvement of environmental standards can drive employment growth.(3)Technological innovation has an intermediary effect between environmental protection and employment growth,but different technological innovation paths under environmental regulations have different impacts on employment.Technology introduction has little effect on employment creation,and independent innovation can continue to effectively promote employment growth.Therefore,in order to achieve a win-win situation between environmental protection and employment growth,it is necessary to appropriately increase the intensity of environmental regulations while increasing the level of technological innovation,especially by enhancing independent innovation capabilities to drive employment growth.

关 键 词：环境规制 劳动力就业 技术引进 自主创新 

分 类 号：H24.5[语言文字—少数民族语言]