氮肥对滴灌冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Grain Filling Characteristics of Winter Wheat Under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：姚钊 王重阳 崔静[1] YAO Zhao;WANG Chong-yang;CUI Jing(College of Agronomy,Shihezi University,Xinjiang Shihezi 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第8期1589-1594,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“根区水分变化滴灌春小麦源库响应的调控效应”(31160260);石河子大学大学生研究训练计划(SRP2019007)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了解氮肥对滴灌冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响。【方法】以新冬22号(奎屯农科所选育)和新冬43号(新疆农垦科学院作物研究所选育)为供试材料,采用logistic方程对N0(0 kg/hm^(2))、N1(150 kg/hm^(2))、N2(300 kg/hm^(2))、N3(450 kg/hm^(2))、N4(600 kg/hm^(2))5种氮肥处理下的冬小麦籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合,探究不同施氮量下籽粒灌浆规律并分析千粒重与灌浆参数的相关性。【结果】滴灌条件下,适宜的施氮量有利于籽粒千粒重、灌浆持续时间和快增期持续时间的增加,新冬22号表现为N3处理(450 kg/hm^(2))下以上三者均最大,新冬43号则表现为N2处理(300 kg/hm^(2))下以上三者均最大;由变异系数分析得知2个小麦品种最大灌浆速率和籽粒灌浆天数更易受施氮量影响,而渐增期灌浆参数相比较而言不易受氮肥施用量的影响;2个小麦品种千粒重均与渐增期灌浆速率(R_(1))、快增期持续时间(T_(2))、缓增期粒干重积累量(K_(3))呈极显著正相关(P﹤0.01)。【结论】建议在生产上滴灌条件下新冬22号和新冬43号分别推荐N3(450 kg/hm^(2))和N2(300 kg/hm^(2))处理为2个小麦品种的最佳施氮量;在籽粒增重机理上建议从提高渐增期灌浆速率,延长快增期持续时间入手来增加滴灌冬小麦产量。【Objective】The study aimed to investigate the influence of nitrogen fertilizer on grain filling characteristics of winter wheat under drip irrigation.【Method】Using Xindong 22(bred by Kuitun Agricultural Research Institute)and Xindong 43(bred by crop research institute of Xinjiang Agricultural Reclamation Academy of Sciences)as test materials,the grain filling process of winter wheat treated with N0(0 kg/hm^(2)),N1(150 kg/hm^(2)),N2(300 kg/hm^(2)),N3(450 kg/hm^(2))and N4(600 kg/hm^(2))was fitted by logistic equation,to explore the grain filling rule under different nitrogen application rates and analyze the correlation between 1000-grain weight and grouting parameters.【Result】Under drip irrigation,the appropriate nitrogen application rate was beneficial to the increase of 1000-grain weight,duration of grouting and duration of rapid growth period.Xindong 22 showed the maximum under N3 treatment(450 kg/hm^(2)),while Xindong 43 showed the maximum under N2 treatment(300 kg/hm^(2)).According to coefficient of variation analysis,the maximum grain filling rate and grain filling days of the two varieties were more easily affected by nitrogen application,while the grout parameters of the two varieties were less affected by nitrogen application.The 1000-grain weight of the two varieties were extremely significantly positive correlated with the grout rate(R_(1)),the duration of fast grout(T_(2))and the dry weight accumulation(K_(3))of the slow grout(P<0.01).【Conclusion】Therefore,it is recommended to N3(450 kg/hm^(2))and N2(300 kg/hm^(2))as the optimal nitrogen application for Xindong 22 and Xindong 43 under drip irrigation.On the mechanism of grain weight gain,it is suggested to increase the yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation by increasing the grain filling rate and prolonging the duration of fast growth period.

关 键 词：氮肥 滴灌 冬小麦 灌浆特性 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S275.6