施氮时期对葡萄不同生育期叶片及果实矿质元素含量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application Period on Mineral Element Content of Leaves and Berries in Different Growth Stages of Grape

作　　者：马宗桓 吴茂东 李彦彪 毛娟 王海 郭艳兰 李强 陈佰鸿 MA Zong-huan;WU Mao-dong;LI Yan-biao;MAO Juan;WANG Hai;GUO Yan-lan;LI Qiang;CHEN Bai-hong(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Gansu Lanzhou 730070,China;Wuwei Academy of Forestry Science,Gansu Wuwei 733000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]武威市林业科学研究院,甘肃武威733000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第8期1690-1698,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：甘肃农业大学公招博士科研启动基金项目(GAU-KYQD-2019-18);甘肃省科技重大专项(18ZD2NA006);甘肃省创新基地与人才计划项目(18JR2TH001);国家自然科学基金(31460499)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确施氮时期对酿酒葡萄各生育期叶片及果实中矿质元素分配及积累的影响。【方法】以‘黑比诺’为研究对象,分别在萌芽期(S1)、新梢生长旺期(S2)、果实膨大期(S3)和转色期(S4)一次性施入尿素300 kg·hm^(-2),测定花后20 d(DAF20)、花后60 d(DAF60)和花后110 d(DAF110)叶片和果实中矿质元素含量,并对DAF110时叶片和果实中元素含量进行相关性分析。【结果】DAF60时S1和S2处理叶片中K、Mn和B含量无显著差异,相比其他处理,S2处理在该时期叶片N、Mg、Mn、B和Zn含量最低,而在DAF110时,叶片N、P、K、Ca和Mn含量显著高于其他处理。果实中P、K和Mn含量在DAF20时差异不显著,DAF110时,施氮时期对果实中Fe含量无显著影响,S4处理显著增加了果实中Ca、Cu和Zn的含量。相关性分析表明,叶片和果实中Cu含量呈极显著正相关,而叶片Ca和果实中Zn、叶片K和果实B,叶片B和果实P含量极显著负相关。综上,S2处理有利于各生育期叶片和果实中大量元素的积累,而S1处理更有利于促进微量元素的吸收。叶片和果实中元素含量存在显著的线性相关关系。【结论】可以通过调节施肥时期以调控器官中矿质元素分配及含量,进而影响果实中元素的含量,对于果实品质改善具有重要意义。【Objective】The research aimed to clarify the effects of nitrogen application period on the distribution and accumulation of mineral elements in leaves and berries of wine grapes at different growth stages.【Method】‘Pinot noir’,the research object,was fertilized with 300 kg·hm^(-2) of urea as the study crop in four growth stages,including bud break(S1),new shoot development(S2),the fruit expansion(S3)and veraison(S4),respectively.And mineral elements content in leaf and berries of 20 days after flowering(DAF20),flowers after 60 days(DAF60),and after 110 days(DAF110)were determined,respectively.Besides,the DAF110 element content in the leaves and berries has carried on the correlation analysis.【Result】The contents of different elements in leaves and berries were significantly affected by different nitrogen application periods.At DAF60,there was no significant difference in the contents of K,Mn and B in the leaves treated with S1 and S2.Compared with other treatments,the contents of N,Mg,Mn,B and Zn were the lowest in the leaves treated with S2,while the contents of N,P,K,Ca and Mn were significantly higher in the leaves treated at DAF110.There was no significant difference in P,K and Mn contents in berries at DAF20;at DAF110,nitrogen application period had no significant influence on Fe content in fruits;S4 treatment significantly increased Ca,Cu and Zn contents in berries.The correlation analysis showed that the contents of Cu in leaves and fruits were significantly positively correlated,while the contents of Zn,K and B in leaves and P in berries were significantly negatively correlated.【Conclusion】S2 treatment was beneficial to the accumulation of a large number of elements in leaves and berries at various growth stages,while S1 treatment was more beneficial to the absorption of trace elements.There was significant linear correlation between element contents in leaves and berries.Therefore,the distribution and content of mineral elements in organs can be regulated by adjusting the fertilizatio

关 键 词：葡萄 施氮时期 矿质元素 生育期 叶片 果实 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]