滇西南地区蚂蚁物种多样性研究  

Study on Ant Species Diversity in Southwest Yunnan Province

作　　者：郭宁妍 钱昱含 徐正会[1] 郝永强[1] 蒋华[1] 李海斌[1] 张宁[1] 张力[1] GUO Ning-yan;QIAN Yu-han;XU Zheng-hui;HAO Yong-qiang;JIANG Hua;LI Hai-bin;ZHANG Ning;ZHANG Li(College of Biodiversity Conservation,Southwest Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province,Yunnan Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院/云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第8期1728-1739,共12页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860615);国家自然科学基金委员会应急管理项目子课题(31750002);国家科学技术部科技基础性工作专项重点项目子课题(2015FY210300)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了全面揭示云南的蚂蚁物种多样性规律。【方法】采用样地调查法研究滇西南地区的蚂蚁群落。【结果】滇西南地区5个垂直带共记录蚂蚁10亚科、65属、188种,缅甸尼兰蚁[Nylanderia birmana(Forel)]和宽结大头蚁(Pheidole noda Smith)为优势种。各样地蚂蚁群落主要指标为物种数目3~55种(平均28.6种),个体密度4.0~4089.4头·m^(-2)(平均594.6头·m^(-2)),多样性指数0.2619~2.6397(平均1.6870),均匀度指数0.0924~0.7766(平均0.5283),优势度指数0.1033~0.9143平均(0.3310);蚂蚁群落间相似性系数0.4113~0.4806(平均0.4503),处于中等不相似水平。【结论】随着海拔升高,蚂蚁群落物种数目、个体密度、多样性指数和均匀度指数总体出现中域效应现象,主要原因是垂直带下部植被受人类改变及干热河谷效应影响;蚂蚁群落主要指标同时出现多域效应现象,原因是不同植被类型中存在不同物种的聚集群及不同海拔小生境存在差异。滇西南地区5个垂直带蚂蚁群落差异明显,在生物多样性保护中具有不同的价值。【Objective】The study aimed to reveal ant diversity regularity in Yunnan Province.【Method】Ant communities of southwest Yunnan Province were surveyed through plot-sampling method.【Result】Totally 188 species belonging to 65 genera and 10 subfamilies were recognized on the 5 vertical zones in the area.Nylanderia birmana(Forel)and Pheidole noda Smith were dominant species.The main indexes of ant communities from different sample-plots were as follows:species numbers 3-55(average 28.6),individual densities 4.0-4089.4 heads·m^(-2)(average 594.6 heads·m^(-2)),diversity indexes 0.2619-2.6397(average 1.6870),evenness indexes 0.0924-0.7766(average 0.5283),dominant indexes 0.0924-0.7766(average 0.3310);similarity coefficients between ant communities 0.4113-0.4806(average 0.4503),which represented moderately dissimilar level.【Conclusion】Along with altitude increasing,species numbers,individual densities,diversity indexes and evenness indexes of the ant communities generally expressed mid-domain effect phenomenon,the main reasons were vegetation on the low potion of the vertical zones changed by human being and the effect of dry hot valley.Meanwhile,the indexes of ant communities express decreased multi-domain effect phenomenon,the reasons were distinct species assemblages in different vegetation types and the difference of micro-habitat at different altitude.Ant communities from the 5 vertical zones had significant difference and distinct value in biodiversity conservation.

关 键 词：蚁科 蚂蚁 群落 生物多样性 云南 

分 类 号：S763.43[农业科学—森林保护学] Q969.554.2[农业科学—林学]