雅砻江官地水库环境因子和浮游植物群落结构的时空变化及相互关系  

Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Environmental Factors and Phytoplankton Communities,and Their Correlations in the Guandi Reservoir

作　　者：李锋[1,2] 李天才 甘维熊 姚维志[1,2] 付梅 熊波[1,2] 苏胜齐[1,2] LI Feng;LI Tian-cai;GAN Wei-xiong;YAO Wei-zhi;FU Mei;XIONG Bo;SU Sheng-qi(College of Fisheries,Southwest University,Chongqing 400700,China;Research Central of Fishery Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400700,China;Yalong River Hydropower Development Company,LTD.,Sichuan Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学水产学院,重庆400700 [2]西南大学渔业资源环境研究中心,重庆400700 [3]雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司,四川成都610000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第8期1751-1761,共11页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司资助项目(YLDC-ZBA-2018089)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了研究官地水库年度水体理化性质和营养含量变化,调查浮游植物群落结构的时空特征,并对环境因子与浮游植物群落结构间的关系进行了分析。【方法】2018年10月至2019年11月,通过实地和实验室相结合测定了官地水库水体理化性质和营养含量,并采用野外收集水样、实验室定性定量观察的方式鉴定了藻类种类、计算了群落多样性,并利用Pearson和RDA进行了相应分析。【结果】全年水温、DO、pH、透明度、硬度、电导率和化学需氧量平均值分别为14.9℃、10.8 mg/L、8.51、238 cm、4.0 mmol/L、243.4μs/cm和5.1 mg/L;冬春季总氮较高但总磷极低,夏秋季总氮较低而总磷较高;香农维纳指数、均匀度指数和辛普森指数均仅在冬春季B断面较低,其它季节和断面多样性指数均较高。官地水库全年鉴定出6门97种(属)藻类,年优势度较高藻类种群达26种,硅藻门和绿藻门种(属)数在全年和各季度均为最多,而秋季藻类门类数和种(属)数均明显较低;空间上藻类密度自上游而下逐渐升高,全年平均值为139.8×10^(4) cell/L。【结论】官地水库水温较低、溶解氧高、呈弱碱性、营养物质含量低,属于寡营养水体,水质处于Ⅰ~Ⅲ类之间。浮游植物群落多样性较高,指示水质总体处于良好状态。冬春季以硅藻门、绿藻门和蓝藻门藻类为主,夏秋季以硅藻门和绿藻门藻类为主,总体上为绿-硅藻水相。硬度、水温、化学需氧量和总磷是官地水库浮游植物群落结构发生变化的主要环境因子,尤其是水温;冬春季总磷是浮游植物生长的主要限制因子之一,夏秋季则为总氮。【Objective】The present paper aimed to know the seasonal and spatial variations of environmental factors and phytoplankton communities,and then analyze the correlations of them in Guandi reservoir.【Method】Form October 2018 to November 2019,the physicochemical property and nutrients of the reservoir were measured in different seasons.The species of algae in the water also were identified,and its numbers were counted in per unite water.With SPSS 22.0 and Canoco 4.5 software,the correlations of environmental factors and phytoplankton communities were analyzed.【Result】Annual mean values of water temperature(WT),dissolved oxygen(DO),pH,Transparency(SD),Hardness of Groundwater(HG),Conductivity(CT)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)were 14.9℃,10.8 mg/L,8.51,238 cm,4.0 mmol/L,243.4μs/cm and 5.1 mg/L.In winter and spring,the water had high total nitrogen(TN)content,but extremely low total phosphorus(TP)content.In summer and autumn,it had low TN content and high TP.Except sampling site B in winter and spring,Shannon-Wiener Index,Pielou’s Evenness Index and Simpson’s diversity index was high.The identification showed that there was a total of 84 algae species which belonged to 6 phylum.There were 26 algae species which had high annual dominance.The numbers of species of Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta were the largest and second.The numbers of phylum and species in autumn were significantly lower.The algae’s density increased gradually from upstream to downstream,and the annual mean value of Guandi reservoir was 139.8×10^(4) cell/L.【Conclusion】The water temperature was low,but the DO was high,and the water was weakly alkaline.It had low nutrient contents,and belonged to oligotrophic water.According to‘Environmental quality standards for surface water’(GB 3838-2002),the water quality was between grade Ⅰ and Ⅲ.The high diversity indexes indicated that the water quality was good.In winter and spring,the algae of Bacillariophyta,Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta had advantage.In summer and autumn,the algae

关 键 词：官地水库 环境因子 浮游植物群落结构 时空变化 相关性 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]