青藏高原药用植物甘松研究进展  

Nardostachys jatamansi,A Medicinal Plant from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:A Review

作　　者：于素玲 叶霄[2] 贾国夫[3] 何正军[3] 孙佩[2] 张昌兵[3] 赵文吉[3] YU Su-ling;YE Xiao;JIA Guo-fu;HE Zheng-jun;SUN Pei;ZHANG Chang-bing;ZHAO Wen-ji(Chengdu Railway Health School,Chengdu 611741,China;Industrial Crop Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610306,China;Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences,Chengdu 611731,China)

机构地区：[1]成都铁路卫生学校,成都611741 [2]四川省农业科学院经济作物研究所,成都610306 [3]四川省草原科学研究院,成都611731

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2021年第19期243-250,共8页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：四川省中医药科学技术研究专项(2019PC005);阿坝州科技条件能力建设和技术示范推广项目(19TJNLJS0014);四川省农业科学院人才委托培养项目(202044)。

摘　　要：甘松为败酱科植物甘松(Nardostachys jatamansi)的干燥根和根茎,药用历史悠久,应用范围广泛。甘松传统上具有理气止痛、开郁醒脾、外用祛湿消肿的功效,主治脘腹胀满,食欲不振,呕吐,外用治牙痛,脚气肿毒;同时也是古印度阿育吠陀(Ayurveda)和尤纳尼(Unani)医学体系的常用药材,亦常作香料、食品和化妆品的原料。现代药理研究表明,甘松具有镇静、抗癫痫、抗惊厥、抗抑郁、抗心律失常、抗疟、抑菌抗炎、抗氧化、改善血糖代谢等多方面的药理活性,含有萜类、黄酮类、香豆素类、木脂素类等多种化合物,主要活性成分是以甘松新酮为代表的倍半萜类化合物。国内外学者对甘松的药理作用、化学成分、临床应用等方面进行了大量的研究,而甘松的资源及地理分布情况、药材质量控制、栽培现状及应用未见系统研究报道。甘松作为青藏高原地区重要的道地药材,长期以来主要依靠采挖野生资源,其资源保护和可持续利用已引起国内外的广泛关注。该文结合甘松的资源调查和实际栽培研究,总结国内外相关文献,对甘松资源和地理分布、化学成分和药理作用、药材质量控制、栽培和应用进行了综合论述,并对今后研究和利用方向进行了展望,以期为其资源保护及开发利用提供了参考。Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma is the dry root and rhizome of Nardostachys jatamansi(Valerianaceae)with a long medical history and a broad range of application,which is effective in regulating Qi,relieving pain,resolving depression,and enlivening spleen,as well as dispelling dampness and relieving swelling by external application. It can be used for the treatment of abdominal distension,loss of appetite,and vomiting. Besides,it can also relieve toothache and treat dermatophytosis and pyogenic infection by external use.Moreover,it serves as a common medicinal material in ancient Ayurveda and Unani medical systems in India and also as an ingredient in spices,foods,and cosmetics. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma possesses multiple pharmacological activities,such as sedation,anti-epilepsy,anti-convulsion, anti-depression, anti-arrhythmia, anti-malaria, anti-inflammation, anti-bacteria, antioxidation, and blood sugar metabolism improvement due to its multiple compounds contained, including terpenes,flavonoids,coumarins,and lignans. The main active components are sesquiterpenoids represented by nardosinone. The pharmacological activities,chemical compositions,and clinical applications of Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma have been investigated, but the research on resources, distribution, quality control,cultivation status,and applications are rarely reported. As an important genuine medicinal material from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma is obtained mainly from wild N. jatamansi.Accordingly,the conservation and sustainable utilization of N. jatamansi have attracted much attention all around the world. Based on the resource survey,cultivation research,and relevant literature available,the present study reviewed resources, geographical distribution, chemical compositions, pharmacological activities,quality control,cultivation,and applications of N. jatamansi,aiming to provide references for the conservation and development of N. jatamansi.

关 键 词：甘松 资源 化学成分 质量控制 应用 

分 类 号：R284.2[医药卫生—中药学] R289[医药卫生—中医学]