深海氨氧化古菌的环境适应基础及生态功能  

Environmental adaptation basis and ecological function of deep-sea ammonia-oxidation archaea

作　　者：刘亮霆 肖湘[1,2,4,5] 张宇 Liangting Liu;Xiang Xiao;Yu Zhang(School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Oceanography,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;International Center for Deep Life Investigation(IC-DLI),Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,Shandong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学生命科学技术学院,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海200240 [3]上海交通大学海洋学院,上海200240 [4]上海交通大学深部生命国际研究中心,上海200240 [5]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋生物学与生物技术功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《微生物学报》2021年第9期2643-2662,共20页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(91951117,41921006,41776173);中国博士后科学基金(2020M681282)。

摘　　要：氨氧化古菌是地球上丰度最高的微生物类群之一,驱动氮循环。尤其在深海,其相对丰度可达原核生物的20%-40%。然而,纯培养的缺乏严重阻碍了我们全面认知深海氨氧化古菌的生理特性和生态贡献。本文系统性地分析了深海环境特征与微生物适应性之间的关系,聚焦深海氨氧化古菌的潜在生存策略和代谢偏好。这些信息将有助于我们设计适用于深海氨氧化古菌的培养技术。此外,从系统发育和生理特性来看,深海氨氧化古菌与土壤或表层海洋来源的氨氧化古菌有显著区别,提示我们需要根据其特性重新估算全球海洋氮通量。Ammonia-oxidizing archaea is one of the most abundant microbial groups driving the nitrogen cycling on Earth.Especially,in the deep sea,its relative abundance can reach 20%-40%of the total prokaryotes.However,the lack of deep-sea ammonia-oxidizing archaea isolates hindered our comprehensive understanding of their physiology and ecological contribution.In this paper,we analyzed the relationship between characteristics of deep-sea environments and the adaptability of microorganisms,focusing on the potential survival strategies and metabolic preferences of deep-sea ammonia-oxidizing archaea.This knowledge will assist us to design suitable cultivation techniques on them.Moreover,the ammonia-oxidizing archaea habituated in the deep sea apparently distanced from those in soil or surface ocean,in terms of phylogeny as well as physiology.Therefore,we are about to reconsider the global oceanic nitrogen budget estimation.

关 键 词：氨氧化古菌 深海 环境适应 地球化学循环 

分 类 号：Q938.1[生物学—微生物学]