焊接电流对高速电渣单层堆焊的成分及性能的影响  

Effect of welding current on the chemical composition and properties of high speed single layer electro-slag surfacing

作　　者：楚成刚 范阳阳 龙柄宏 CHU Chenggang;FAN Yangyang;LONG Binhong(Sichuan Xiye New Material Limited by Share Ltd.,Chengdu 611730,China;Sichuan Special Welding Materials Research and Development Engineering Laboratory,Chengdu 611730,China)

机构地区：[1]四川西冶新材料股份有限公司,四川成都611730 [2]四川省特种焊接材料研究开发工程实验室,四川成都611730

出　　处：《电焊机》2021年第9期55-60,I0006,共7页Electric Welding Machine

摘　　要：采用高速电渣堆焊焊材进行1200 A、1500 A、1800 A梯度电流条件下的单层堆焊试验,研究了电流对堆焊层化学成分、铁素体数FN的影响规律,并分析堆焊层微观组织。国产单层电渣堆焊焊材在不同电流下具有良好的焊接工艺性,焊后自动脱渣,堆焊层具有良好的平整度及直线度。理化性能结果显示,不同电流水平下的化学成分、铁素体、硬度、侧弯、晶间腐蚀、氢剥离结果均满足技术条件要求。在堆焊厚度相同的条件下,随着焊接电流增大及焊接速度加快,熔深及稀释率增大,堆焊层主要合金元素中Cr、Ni含量下降,铁素体含量降低,工程应用中可通过调节焊接参数控制堆焊层的铁素体含量。金相分析结果显示,堆焊层组织均为奥氏体+少量δ铁素体,在热处理后熔合线上出现了10~20μm的黑色碳化带,主要是由超低碳不锈钢堆焊层与中碳母材之间较大的碳含量差异引起。Single layer surfacing test was carried out with high speed electro-slag welding material under the gradient current of 1200 A,1500 A and 1800 A,the effect of current on chemical composition and FN of surfacing layer was studied,and the microstructure of surfacing layer was analyzed.The single layer electro-slag surfacing material has good weldability under different currents and automatic deslagging after welding,surfacing layer has good flatness and straightness.The results show that the chemical composition,ferrite,hardness,side bending,intergranular corrosion and hydrogen-induced disbonding under different currents meet the requirements of technical conditions.Under the condition of the same surfacing thickness,with the increase of current and speed,the penetration and dilution rate increase,the contents of Cr and Ni of the surfacing layer decreases,and the ferrite content reduces.In engineering application,the ferrite content of the surfacing layer can be controlled by adjusting the welding parameters.The metallographic analysis results show that the microstructure of surfacing layer is austenite+littleδferrite,after heat treatment,a C migration band about 10~20μm width appears on the fusion line,which is mainly caused by the large carbon content difference between the surfacing layer of ultra-low carbon stainless steel and the medium carbon base metal.

关 键 词：高速电渣堆焊 单层 稀释率 铁素体 焊接材料 

分 类 号：TG448[金属学及工艺—焊接]