固体废物跨国转移的动力机制与治理逻辑  

Driving Forces and Governance Logic of Transnational Solid Waste Management

作　　者：关婷 査道炯 Guan Ting;Zha Daojiong

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学政府管理学院,100875 [2]北京大学国际关系学院,100871

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2021年第4期64-79,6,7,共18页The Journal of International Studies

基　　金：清华大学“固体废物的跨国转移”项目(项目编号:2019C1DEG01)的研究成果。

摘　　要：固体废物的跨国转移是当前全球环境治理的核心议题之一。固体废物跨国转移的动力机制主要来源于污染转移机制与全球贸易机制,分别遵循环境负外部性转移逻辑与固体废物资源化逻辑。其中,前者认为国家间环境标准与制度差异、不同国家公众环境意识差异形成了废物跨国转移的驱动力;后者认为市场价格、资源需求与技术比较优势促进了废物的跨国流动,并构成当前废物跨国转移的主流范式。通过分析固体废物跨国转移的运行逻辑与作用机制发现,环境逻辑与资源逻辑的竞合存在一个根本性困境,即全球贸易制度以市场公平为基础,难以充分将环境公平的考量纳入制度体系。基于此,中国应全面提升在全球固体废物治理体系改革和制度中的积极参与,即推动完善国际公约的履行,积极参与国际回收行业标准制定,探索多种形式的固体废物处理技术转移项目,严厉打击固体废物的国际走私行为。Transnational transfer of solid waste is a key issue in the agenda of global environmental governance.The international flow of solid waste is mainly driven by the externalization of pollution using the current global waste-trade network.Thus,the logic behind waste flow is the external transfer of negative environmental impact and recycling waste as a resource respectively.Particularly,the former refers to the variances of environmental standards,institutional systems,and public environmental awareness among different countries.In contrast,the latter deems that market price,resource demand,and comparative advantages of technology influence the flow of waste,which is also considered as the mainstream paradigm of international waste flow.Based on the analysis of transfer mechanisms,this study suggests that the fundamental problem embedded in the global trade system is that the operation of waste transfer is mainly based on market equity,thus lacking a fair consideration of environmental equity.To enhance China’s role in global waste governance,this study provides policy recommendations including improving implementation of international agreements,actively participating in the formulation of international recycling standards,facilitating decontamination technology transfer among different countries,and cracking down on international smuggling of solid waste.

关 键 词：非传统安全 全球治理 固体废物 动力机制 治理逻辑 污染 贸易 

分 类 号：F746[经济管理—国际贸易] X705[经济管理—产业经济]