岩石破裂过程中裂隙流体X射线造影试验及应用  

X-ray radiography for visualization of fissure fluid flows during rock failures

作　　者：孙欢 刘晓丽[2] 王恩志[2] 张建民[2] 王思敬[2] 刘驰 SUN Huan;LIU Xiaoli;WANG Enzhi;ZHANG Jianmin;WANG Sijing;LIU Chi(College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学土木建筑工程学院,海口570228 [2]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第8期778-791,共14页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1504801,2018YFC1504902);海南大学科研基金资助项目(KYQD(ZR)-20104);清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室开放基金(sklhse-2021-C-02);中国博士后科学基金项目(2018M641370)。

摘　　要：裂隙流体是水岩系统工程灾变的主要影响因素,直观可视化岩石破坏与裂隙流体的相互作用过程,是揭示不同工程背景条件下水岩互馈灾变机理的关键。该文提出了岩石破裂过程中裂隙流体X射线造影方法,开展了岩溶滑坡、红层边坡失稳及煤矿采空区涌水灾害背景下的岩石材料尺度试验。试验研究结果表明:岩溶管道-裂隙流过渡过程中流态经历了从层流到过渡流或紊流的演化过程,多级应力荷载作用下碳酸盐岩管道流体至裂隙流体的变化过程具有分形演化特征。水动力循环和多级应力荷载作用下红层泥岩损伤因子呈非线性增长,采取控制或降低渗流扩散系数的加固措施可有效治理或调控红层边坡灾害。煤岩破裂过程中裂隙水均方根流量具有分数指数演化规律,裂隙水演化经历了超-扩散流动向亚-扩散流动的变化过程,得出开采扰动作用下煤岩裂隙水的非线性流动和异常扩散现象是诱发采空区突涌水灾害的本质原因。Fissure fluids can induce engineering hazards due to interactions between the fluid and the rock. Further research is needed to describe the induced hazards mechanism for fluid and rock interactions by observing fissure fluid flows during rock failures. This study used X-ray imaging to observe fissure fluid flows in rocks during failures. This work studied Karst landslides, slope instabilities in the rock bed mudstone(RBM) area and water bursting into the goaf. The results show that the laminar flows change to transitional or turbulent flows in the rocks during pipe rupture into the fissures. This process shows the fractal characteristics of pipe flows evolving with the fissure flows during Karst rock failures with multilevel stress loadings. Also, the RBM damage parameters increase non-linearly as the rock fails due to the coupled effects of the fluid dynamics and the multilevel stress loadings. This indicates that seepage control and diffusion can reduce and prevent landslides in the RBM area. The mean square fissure water flow rates also show fractional evolution during coal and rock failures, with the flow regime changing from sup-diffusion flow to sub-diffusion flow. The non-linear flow characteristics and anomalous diffusion of fissure water are key reasons for water bursting hazards during coal seam mining.

关 键 词：裂隙流 X射线影像 管道破裂 渗流扩散 均方根流量 

分 类 号：P641.2[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]