佛坪自然保护区野生大熊猫寄生虫风险分析  

Risk Analysis of Parasites in Droppings of The Giant Panda in Foping Nature Reserve

作　　者：马亦生 张振华 金艺鹏[2] 陈原玉 赵凯辉 文一帆 韦思远 高宇航 MA Yi-sheng;ZHANG Zhen-hua;JIN Yi-peng;CHEN Yuan-yu;ZHAO Kai-hui;WEN yi-fan;WEI Si-yuan;GAO Yu-hang(Foping National Nature Reserve Administration, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723400;College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]陕西佛坪国家级自然保护区管理局,陕西汉中723400 [2]中国农业大学动物医学院,北京100193

出　　处：《陕西林业科技》2021年第4期39-43,54,共6页Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology

基　　金：大熊猫国际合作资金项目(SG1405,国家林业局林护发[2017]115号)。

摘　　要：大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)平均寿命野生者远远低于圈养者,与寄生虫病的影响有关。本研究选择秦岭地区野生大熊猫密度最高的陕西佛坪国家级自然保护区为研究区域,通过形态学鉴定对粪便中的寄生虫进行调查,结合样品位置信息运用地理信息系统(GIS),研究分析该区域野生大熊猫寄生虫病风险,并制作不同寄生虫空间密度分布图,确定施氏贝蛔虫的聚集分布“热点”和稀有分布“冷点”,为动态监测大熊猫寄生虫病提供基础数据。结果为121份佛坪保护区野生大熊猫粪便样本寄生虫总检出率为76.0%,施氏贝蛔虫虫卵检出率27.3%,槽盘吸虫虫卵检出率4.1%,原虫检出率14.0%,其他虫卵检出率34.7%,线虫幼虫检出率35.7%;施氏贝蛔虫分布“热点”在三官庙站区;粪便新鲜程度对寄生虫检出结果影响显著。应加强三官庙站区施氏贝蛔虫防控措施;野生大熊猫寄生虫病调查粪便采集应注意其新鲜程度。Longevity of Ailuropoda melanoleuca in wild is normally shorter than those raised in shed.One of the important reasons for that is parasite.In this study,we chose Foping National Nature Reserve,the highest density of wild pandas in the Qinling area,as the research area.Morphological identification was performed on the parasites in the stool.Risk was analyzed combining the sample position information and detected results via geographic information system(GIS).The purpose is to explore spatial aggregation,density distribution of different parasites and find the"hot spots"and"cold spots"of Baylisascaris schroederi,providing basic data for dynamic monitoring of giant panda parasitic diseases as well.121 samples of droppings had been collected in Foping National Nature Reserve during April,2017 and were detected using edimentation-floatation followed by a microscope examination.The results showed that the positive rate of Baylisascaris schroederi eggs was 27.3%;the positive rate of Ogmocotyle eggs was 4.1%;the positive rate of protozoa was 14%;the positive rate of other eggs was 34.7%;and the positive rate of nematode larvae was 35.7%.It was found that in addition to the protozoa,the fresh degree of feces had a significant effect on the detection results of parasites with the chi-square test.It is suggested that the freshness of droppings should be considered in the risk analysis of parasitic diseases of wild giant pandas in this area.GIS analysis showed the"hot spot"of the Baylisascaris schroederi is located in the Sanguanmiao area,while the"cold spot"is located in the Yueba area.

关 键 词：大熊猫 寄生虫 风险分析 陕西佛坪国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：S718.65[农业科学—林学]