替代与剥夺:罚金刑制度理念反思——一个基于数字经济时代的观察  

Substitution and Deprivation: Reflections on the Idea of Fine Penalty System Based on Observations of the Era of Digital Economy

作　　者：陈昊 CHEN Hao(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《犯罪研究》2021年第4期81-92,共12页Chinese Criminology Review

摘　　要：当代罚金刑制度是基于短期自由刑的替代理念而得以重视和发展起来的,但是在许多法阈,罚金刑被赋予了替代之外的剥夺功能。当前社会已经全面进入数字经济时代,财富增长方式和资产运转方式发生了根本性的变化,违法所得通过经营行为能够在短时间内实现快速增长、规模式增长,而且很容易混同甚至合法化。而实现"不让任何人因犯罪而获益"原则的传统机制——没收财产刑和违法所得追缴制度——因为自身的局限性,无法有效消解因犯罪而获益的现象,可能造成刑事制裁机制的运行效果弱化。结合社会经济生活方式的变化,应当提倡罚金刑的双重制度品格:替代与剥夺。相应的,当代的罚金刑制度理应区分作为替代机制的罚金刑和作为剥夺机制的罚金刑两种类型,并分别考虑合理化建构的问题。Contemporary fine punishment system is emphasized and developed based on the alternative philosophy of short-term freedom penalty, but in many jurisdictions, the fine penalty is endowed with the function of deprivation other than substitution. The current society has fully marched into the digital economy, leading to fundamental changes to wealth growth mode and operating method of assets, and as a result, the illegal income through management behavior can achieve rapid, large-scale growth in a short time, and is easy to be confused with legal behavior or even become legalized. However, the traditional system of the confiscation of property and recovery of illegal gains, which does not allow anyone to benefit from crime, cannot effectively eliminate the phenomenon of benefit from crime due to its own limitations, which may weaken the operation effect of the criminal sanction mechanism. Considering the changes of the current social and economic life style, we should advocate the dual systematic characters of fine penalty: substitution and deprivation. Accordingly, the modern system of fine punishment should be divided into two types: fine punishment as an alternative mechanism and fine punishment as a deprivation mechanism.

关 键 词：罚金刑 制度理念 数字经济 双重品格 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]