美国智库的政治运作与政策营销——以传统基金会对政府军事预算的影响为例  

The Political Operation and Policy Marketing of US Think Tank:A Case Study for Heritage Foundation’s Marketing Strategy on US Military Budget

作　　者：孙冰岩 王栋[2,3] SUN Bing-yan;WANG Dong

机构地区：[1]国际关系学院国际政治系,北京100091 [2]北京大学国际关系学院,北京100871 [3]北京大学中外人文交流研究基地

出　　处：《东北亚论坛》2021年第5期23-39,127,共18页Northeast Asia Forum

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC0806900)。

摘　　要：在关于智库与美国政府关系的现有研究中,智库影响美国某届政府政策的方式主要发生于总统胜选并组建政府团队以后,但从智库影响美国政府政策的现实情况来看,在新政府组建以前就通过参与前期政治运作建立与新政府的密切政治关系也属于智库影响政府政策的重要方式。本文以传统基金会在军事预算政策领域对特朗普政府的影响为案例,说明智库是如何通过前期政治运作来影响美国政府政策这个尚未被学界所重视的影响方式。传统基金会通过提前协助确定特朗普竞选团队的防务政策议程、提前为政府做好人员储备、协助竞选并参与下届政府成员遴选,多举措并举为其影响特朗普政府的军事预算政策打下良好的政治基础。同时,本文试图打开智库对政府进行政策营销这个过程"黑箱",以传统基金会《美国军力指数》对特朗普政府的政策营销为案例,从营销时间点选择、营销观点的具体程度、与政府人员的亲疏程度、营销者的专业信度以及营销力度五方面详细阐述传统基金会对特朗普政府进行政策营销的具体方式与营销技巧。In all the published studies concerning the relationship between think tanks and US public policy,think tanks always wielded their marketing activities or gained policy influences after an elected president and newly formed administration. But concerning the reality of US government and think tank relationship,many think tanks influence public policy in another way by which they participating in party’s earlier stage political operations before a new administration formed. This paper use case study about how Heritage Foundation successfully influence Trump administration’s defense policy by participating Republican’s earlier stage operations and by using smarter marketing strategy. Heritage Foundation act much earlier in helping sketching Trump’s campaign platform,forming campaign team,drafting his choices for government positions. This paper also uses case study to show the "black box" of how Heritage Foundation marketing Trump administration. After successful earlier political operations,Heritage Foundation used US Military Index as a smart marketing strategy,by choosing the appropriate lobbying time,presenting the right lobbying opinions,keeping close contact with government officials,it finally made a successful policy marketing and influenced Trump’s defense policy.

关 键 词：智库 传统基金会 军事预算 政策营销 美国军力指数 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]