中国历史学的空间取向  

The Spatial Orientations of Chinese History

作　　者：鲁西奇[1] Lu Xiqi

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,湖北省武汉市430072

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2021年第8期84-93,282,共11页Social Science Front

摘　　要：天下、封疆与郡邑,是中国传统历史叙述的主要空间取向,其本质是以权力为中心的、政治导向的空间划分;与之相对应的历史叙述,可分别称为"天下史""王朝史"以及"郡邑史"。近代的中国历史叙述与历史学研究,则立足于科学的、历史主义的区域分划,以世界、"历史中国"与区域作为主要的空间取向,世界历史、中国历史、区域历史构成了近代以来中国历史叙述与史学研究的主要部分。地域(及地方)、现代中国、全球的空间取向,分别对应着地域社会(地方社会)、领土国家主导的经济政治与社会文化实体以及一体化的人类社会(人类共同体),并形成了地域史(及地方史)、"讲好中国故事"与"全球史"的历史叙述与研究。天下、封疆、郡邑,世界、历史中国、区域,全球、现代中国、地域(以及地方),三组空间取向,虽然分别对应着中国传统历史叙述、近代与现当代历史叙述和研究,但又并存于当今中国历史学的叙述与研究领域。Tianxia,territory and the commandery and county has been the main spatial orientation of Chinese traditional historical narrative,reflecting a nature in the political spatial division centered on power. This spatial orientation corresponds to the history of the world,the history of dynasties and the history of counties and towns respectively. However,modern Chinese historical narrative and study is based on scientific and historical regional division,with the world,‘historical China’,and region as the main spatial orientations,and world history,Chinese history and regional history constituting the main part of modern Chinese historical narrative and historical studies. Regional( and local),modern China and global spatial orientation correspond respectively to regional society( local society),territorial state-led economic,political,and socio-cultural entities,and integrated human society( human community),thus forming a regional history( and local history),and historical narrative and research in ‘telling Chinese stories’ and ‘global history’. The three spatial orientations correspond to the traditional Chinese historical narrative,modern and contemporary historical narrative and research,but at the same time they coexist in the narrative and research fields of contemporary Chinese history.

关 键 词：空间取向 天下 封疆 世界 地域 历史中国 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]