寒冷干旱多风地区中华金叶榆高接技术研究  

Study on Top Grafting Techniques of Ulmus pumila cv. Jinye in Cold,Arid and Windy Areas

作　　者：王岩 郑志兴 黄建明 尉文彬 宋月卿 杜春山 WANG Yan;ZHENG Zhi-xing;HUANG Jian-ming;YU Wen-bin;SONG Yue-qing;DU Chun-shan(Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhangjiakiu 075000,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Yangyuan County,Yangyuan 075800,China)

机构地区：[1]张家口市农业科学院,河北张家口075000 [2]阳原县农业农村局,河北阳原075800

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2021年第3期61-67,共7页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省科技计划项目(17226320D);张家口市科技攻关计划项目(1411015C)。

摘　　要：为探索我国寒冷、干旱、多风地区中华金叶榆的嫁接技术,以白榆为砧木、中华金叶榆为接穗,在河北省张家口坝上和坝下地区分别进行试验,研究了不同嫁接方法、嫁接时间、嫁接高度、接后套袋时长对嫁接成活率的影响,结果显示,坝上和坝下地区均以插皮接的成活率最高,分别达到90.00%和94.50%;坝上地区5月10日、坝下地区4月10日嫁接,成活率达到最高,分别为90.00%和94.58%;总体来看,接穗套袋有利于提高成活率,在坝上地区效果尤为明显,坝上、坝下地区套袋时长分别为20 d和15 d时成活率最高,分别为91.67%和95.00%;嫁接高度对接穗成活率影响不显著,但嫁接高度升高后新梢长势增强,120 cm高度嫁接的树体冠幅和新梢长度最大,分别为104.04 cm和102.95 cm。并对嫁接后新梢的生长规律进行了调查,结果显示,坝上地区物候期较坝下地区延后1个月左右,当年新梢生长量分别为70 cm以上和90 cm以上。综上所述,中华金叶榆嫁接时,采用插皮接配合接后套袋技术,同时嫁接高度120 cm,嫁接成活率高,枝条发育快,当年可形成景观效果。In order to explore the top grafting techniques of Ulmus pumila cv. Jinye in cold,arid and windy areas,taking U. pumila as stock,U. pumila cv. Jinye as scion,different treatments such as grafting methods and date,grafting height and bagging moisturizing treatments were carried out in Bashang and Baxia areas of Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province. The results showed that the survival rate of bark grafting was the highest in Bashang and Baxia areas,which were 90.00% and 94.50%,respectively. The best grafting time was May 10 th in Bashang area and April 10 th in Baxia area,the survival rate was 90.00% and 94.58%,respectively. Totally,bagging moisturizing after bark grafting was beneficial to improve the survival rate,especially in Bashang area,and the best bagging time was 20 days in Bashang area and 15 days in Baxia area,and the survival rate was91.67% and 95.00%,respectively. There was no significant effect of grafting height on the survival rate,but the new shoots growth increased with the increase of grafting height. When the grafting height was 120 cm,the crown width and shoot length reached the maximum,which was 104.04 cm and 102.9 cm,respectively. In addition,the growth of new shoots after grafting was investigated, and the results showed that the phenological phase in Bashang area was about one month later than that in Baxia area,and the new shoots grew over 70 cm and 90 cm, respectively. To sum up, using bagging moisturizing after bark grafting, and choosing the grafting height at 120 cm,the grafting has high survival rate, fast branch development, and the landscape effect can be formed in the same year.

关 键 词：中华金叶榆 高接技术 嫁接成活率 新梢生长 寒冷干旱多风地区 

分 类 号：S687.9[农业科学—观赏园艺]