郁金香种间杂交障碍克服方法研究  

Study on the Methods for Overcoming Interspecific Hybridization Barriers in Tulipa

作　　者：张艳秋[1] 邢桂梅[1] 崔玥晗[1] 杨迪 屈连伟[1] ZHANG Yanqiu;XING Guimei;CUI Yuehan;YANG Di;QU Lianwei(Institute of Floriculture,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China;Landscape Architecture College,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院花卉研究所,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]东北林业大学园林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2021年第8期124-132,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：辽宁省“百千万人才工程”经费资助项目(201945-37);辽宁省农业科学院学科建设计划项目(2019DD051608);辽宁省博士启动基金项目(2019-BS-133);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1907045);辽宁省地方科研基础条件和能力建设项目(3213312);辽宁省科技特派行动专项计划项目(2020030187-JH5/104);辽宁省农业种质资源发掘、创制与利用专项(2021GR2908)。

摘　　要：为克服郁金香种间杂交障碍,提高杂交结实率,以野生种阿尔泰郁金香(Tulipa altaica)为父本,以栽培品种爱斯基摩首领、世界真爱和纯金为母本进行种间杂交,研究了不同授粉处理和不同植物生长调节剂处理对种间杂交亲和性的影响。结果表明,不同杂交组合及处理对郁金香种间杂交结实率影响较大。在正常授粉条件下,以世界真爱和纯金为母本的2个杂交组合子房不能膨大,以爱斯基摩首领为母本的杂交组合子房膨大率为20.00%,但未能获得杂交种子。蕾期授粉对克服郁金香种间杂交障碍效果不明显,3个杂交组合子房均未膨大,未能获得杂交种子。延期授粉、刮伤柱头后授粉、植物生长调节剂处理等对克服种间杂交障碍具有一定的积极作用,其中,以二倍体爱斯基摩首领为母本时,延期授粉和刮伤柱头后授粉2个处理分别获得杂交种子26、19粒,结实率分别为13.33%、6.67%,有胚率分别为42.31%、21.05%;以三倍体世界真爱和纯金为母本时,虽然各处理的子房均有一定比例膨大,但都未获得种子,表明不同倍性之间的种间杂交存在更严重的杂交障碍。In order to overcome the interspecific hybridization barriers in Tulipa,and improve the seed setting rate,the interspecific hybridization was performed between the Tulipa wild species Tulipa altaica and three Tulipa cultivars Eskimo Chief,World’s Favorite and Strong Gold.The effects of different pollination treatments and different plant growth regulators on cross‑compatibility were studied.The results showed that the seed setting rate of interspecific hybridization in Tulipa was greatly influenced by different cross combinations and treatments.Under normal pollination condition,the ovary of the two crossing combinations with World’s Favorite and Strong Gold as female parents could not swell,while the ovary swelling rate was 20.00%with Eskimo Chief as female parent,but no seeds were obtained.Bud pollination was not obvious to overcome the barrier of interspecific hybridization,and the ovary of three hybrid combinations could not swell and no seed was obtained.Delaying pollination,scratching stigma pollination,plant growth regulator treatments etc.had positive effects on overcoming the interspecific hybridization barriers.When diploid cultivar Eskimo Chief was used as female parent,26,19 hybrid seeds were obtained by delaying pollination and scratching stigma pollination treatments respectively,with the seed setting rate of 13.33%,6.67%,and the embryo rate of 42.31%,21.05%respectively.When the triploid cultivars World’s Favorite and Strong Gold were used as female parents,no seed was obtained despite a certain proportion of enlargement in all the treated ovaries,indicating that the interspecific hybridization between different ploidy had more serious hybridization barrier.

关 键 词：郁金香 种间杂交 杂交障碍 克服方法 结实率 杂交种子 有胚率 

分 类 号：S682.263[农业科学—观赏园艺]