玉米自交系苞叶表型可塑性差异分析  

Variation of phenotypic plasticity for husk traits among maize inbred lines

作　　者：夏浩然 徐涛[2] 贺伟 李建 张敖[1] 阮燕晔[1] 张立军[1] 贺岩[5] 崔震海[1] 宋波[6] XIA Haoran;XU Tao;HE Wei;LI Jian;ZHANG Ao;RUAN Yanye;ZHANG Lijun;HE Yan;CUI Zhenhai;SONG Bo(School of Biological Science and Technology,Shenyang Agricultural University/Liaoning Provincial Genetic Engineering Technology Research Center/Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Whole Genome Selection Breeding,Shenyang 110866,China;Tieling Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tieling 112000,China;Tieling Xuri Agricultural Technology Development Company Ltd.,Tieling 112000,China;Inner Mongolia Bayannaoer Kehe Seed Industry Company Ltd.,Bayannaoer 015000,China;National Maize Improvement Center of China,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Liaoning Dongya Seed Company Ltd./Test Site of Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110000,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学生物科学技术学院/辽宁省基因工程技术研究中心/沈阳市玉米全基因组选择育种重点实验室,沈阳110866 [2]辽宁省铁岭市农业科学院,铁岭112000 [3]铁岭旭日农业技术开发有限公司,铁岭112000 [4]内蒙古巴彦淖尔市科河种业有限公司,巴彦淖尔015000 [5]中国农业大学国家玉米改良中心,北京100193 [6]辽宁东亚种业有限公司/沈阳农业大学附属实验场,沈阳110000

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2021年第5期23-30,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31771880);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2019-ZD-0723)。

摘　　要：为确定玉米5大杂优群苞叶表型可塑性在异地引种的稳定性和敏感性,收集了我国玉米5大杂优群50份自交系,2014年在海南省三亚市、2015年在北京市和2017年在辽宁省铁岭市3种环境下测定各杂优群的自交系在不同环境的苞叶性状,计算苞叶性状的变异系数,分析杂优群间苞叶长度可塑性(phenotypic plasticity of husk length,PHL)、宽度可塑性(phenotypic plasticity of husk width,PHW)和层数可塑性(phenotypic plasticity of husk layer number,PHN)的差异和杂优群内的相关性,比较不同环境和生长时期各气象因子的变化。结果显示:苞叶性状受环境影响显著;在全部测定群体、旅大红骨和唐四平头群中PHL与PHW呈显著正相关,在瑞德群中PHL与PHN呈极显著负相关;不同血缘玉米种质的苞叶表型可塑性存在明显差异,PHL与PHW表现出协同调控的特点;旅大红骨群的苞叶长度和PB群的苞叶长度、宽度对环境不敏感,这2个性状异地引种时会保持稳定;兰卡斯特群PHL较大,且符合苞叶性状南长北短的要求,这类育种材料适合南北方异地引种;气象因子中平均温度和湿度在玉米生长前期差异较大,日照时间在玉米生长的前、中和后期都有一个差异较大的时段。因此,高温区适时早播,低温区适时晚播,有利于减少环境间的苞叶差异。The phenotype plasticity of husk plays essential roles in disease resistance,insect infection and the rate of grain dehydration during the introduction of maize inbred lines from different environments.In this article,the husk traits of 50 inbred lines from 5 heterosis groups(referred to as heterotic group)in 3 environments including Sanya City,Hainan Province in 2014,Beijing City in 2015 and Tieling City,Liaoning Province in 2017 were measured.The coefficient of variation of husk traits was calculated.The variations of phenotypic plasticity of husk length(PHL),phenotypic plasticity of husk width(PHW)and phenotypic plasticity of husk layer number(PHN)among heterotic groups and the correlation within heterotic groups were analyzed.The changes of meteorological factors in different environments and growth periods were compared.The results showed that the traits of husks were significantly affected by environment.Among all lines,Lüda Red Cob and TangSPT groups,PHL and PHW were significantly positively correlated.While in Reid group,PHL and PHN were extremely significantly negative correlated.The phenotypic plasticity of husk among different maize germplasms had significant variations.PHL and PHW had the characteristics of coordinated regulation.The husk length in Lüda Red Cob group,husk length and width in PB group were insensitive to environments.These two traits remained stable during introduction to other environments.The PHL in Lancaster group was higher than that in other groups,meeting the requirements of the long husk in the South and the short husk in the North.This kind of breeding material is suitable for introduction in different places in the north and south.The average temperature and humidity in the meteorological factors were quite different at the early growth stage of maize.There was a big difference in the sunshine time at the early,middle and late growth stages of maize.It is indicated that sowing early in high temperature area and late sowing in low temperature area is beneficial to reduce the

关 键 词：玉米 苞叶 表型可塑性 相关分析 种质 引种 气象因子 

分 类 号：S513.02[农业科学—作物学]