干旱胁迫对紫花苜蓿幼苗形态和生理特征的影响  

Effects of Drought Stress on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Alfalfa Seedlings

作　　者：王园园 赵明 张红香[2] 卢正宽 穆春生 WANG Yuan-yuan;ZHAO Ming;ZHANG Hong-xiang;LU Zheng-kuan;MU Chun-sheng(College of Life Sciences,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学生命科学学院,吉林长春130024 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [3]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2021年第9期78-87,共10页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41971069)资助。

摘　　要：为研究干旱胁迫对不同紫花苜蓿品种幼苗生长的影响,选取我国北方育成的5个耐寒苜蓿品种,采用盆栽实验的方式,模拟不同干旱胁迫水平(对照、轻度干旱、中度干旱和重度干旱)。通过测量紫花苜蓿幼苗农艺指标、形态和生理特征,并利用隶属函数综合评估各品种的耐旱性。研究结果表明,干旱胁迫程度显著影响苜蓿的形态和生理特征,随干旱胁迫程度的升高,各品种苜蓿形态性状中的地上生物量、基茎粗、株高、根长、叶片数和根瘤数下降,而根长、叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白质含量表现为先升高后下降的趋势。经综合评价,5个品种抗旱性能力由强到弱依次为:敖汉苜蓿>公农1号>甘农3号>龙牧803>东苜1号。综上所述,敖汉苜蓿适合在重度干旱条件下种植,甘农3号适合在轻度和中度干旱条件下种植,公农1号在各干旱条件下种植表现均优。以上结果为紫花苜蓿的耐旱研究、抗旱选育及在干旱、半干旱地区的栽培种植提供了重要信息。Five cold resistant alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)varieties grown in northern part of China were selected to investigate the effects of drought stress on the seedling growth of different alfalfa varieties using pot experiment.Different drought stress levels(control,light,medium and severe)were simulated in the present study.By measuring agronomic indexes,morphological and physiological characteristics,the drought tolerance of each alfalfa variety was comprehensively evaluated by subordinate function.The results showed that the morphological and physiological characteristics of alfalfa were significantly affected by drought stress.With the increase of drought stress,the aboveground biomass,basal stem diameter,plant height,root length,number of leaves and nodule of alfalfa varieties were decreased,while the root length,chlorophyll content and soluble protein content of alfalfa varieties were increased first and then decreased.After,comprehensive evaluation,the drought resistance of the five cultivars was as follows:“Aohan”>“Gongnong 1”>“Gannong 3”>“Longmu 803”>“Dongmu 1”.In conclusion,“Aohan”was suitable for planting under severe drought conditions.“Gannong 3”was suitable for planting under mild and moderate drought conditions,while“Gongnong 1”had superior performance under all drought conditions.This study provided important information for drought tolerance evaluation,drought resistance breeding,and cultivation of alfalfa in arid and semi-arid areas.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 耐旱性 耐寒品种 生理特征 生物量 

分 类 号：S541.1[农业科学—作物学]