重庆巫山玉米洞遗址MIS 2阶段的鼹科动物化石  

Fossil Talpidae(Insectivora,Mammalian)of MIS 2 from the Yumidong cave site at Wushan,Chongqing

作　　者：庞丽波 刘傲然[3] 吴雁 胡鑫[2] 陈少坤[4,5] 魏光飚 PANG Libo;LIU Aoran;WU Yan;HU Xin;CHEN Shaokun;WEI Guangbiao(Geoscience Museum,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050031,Hebei;China Three Gorges Museum,Chongqing 400015;College of Earth Science,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050031,Hebei;Institute of Paleontology,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050031,Hebei;State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy Sciences),Nanjing 210008,Jiangsu;Chongqing Institute of Geological Survey,Chongqing 401122)

机构地区：[1]河北地质大学机构地球科学博物馆,河北石家庄050031 [2]重庆中国三峡博物馆,重庆400015 [3]河北地质大学地球科学学院,河北石家庄050031 [4]河北地质大学古生物研究院,河北石家庄050031 [5]现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室机构(中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所),江苏南京210008 [6]重庆市地质调查院,重庆401122

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2021年第5期1366-1375,共10页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院(B类)战略性先导科技专项项目(批准号:XDB26030302);中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室开放课题(批准号:173102)共同资助。

摘　　要：重庆市巫山县玉米洞遗址第②-2层的时代为更新世最晚期,可与MIS 2阶段相对应。文章系统研究了这一层位中的鼹科动物化石,对其进行了详细的形态学描述和对比,依据齿式、齿冠结构和尺寸大小将之分别鉴定为长尾鼩鼹Scaptonyx fusicaudus、白尾鼹Parascaptor leucurus和宽齿鼹Euroscaptor grandis,均为现生的区域灭绝种。从这3个物种的现代分布范围和生境判断,玉米洞遗址在MIS 2阶段的古环境较现代更为寒凉,与横断山区或秦岭海拔2000~3000 m处相当。喜寒凉的鼹科动物在MIS 2阶段向低海拔处迁徙扩散,而当全新世暖期到来时,玉米洞周边并无供其生存的适宜环境,这些鼹科动物在此区域灭绝。The Yumidong Cave(30°50'44.4″N,109°38'09.2″E)is a camp residential Paleolithic site repeatedly used for a long period in the Three Gorges area,which has yielded a large number of animal fossils and lithic artifacts.Biogeographically,this locality is situated at the Western Mountain Subregion of Central China Region.Geomorphically,the area around this locality(altitude of 1100 m)is complex and diverse,with altitude rarely more than 1900 m.Talpidae(moles)fossils from the②-2 layer of this site are reported in the present paper.U-Th dating in conjunction with biostratigraphic analysis correlate the layer to MIS 2(Marine Isotope Stage 2).The well preserved mole fossils provide a valuable opportunity for us to observe and compare the osteological characters of the taxa,which can be identified as Scaptonyx fusicaudus,Parascaptor leucurus and Euroscaptor grandis.S.fusicaudus is represented by 9 mandibular specimens,which has a formula of/2·1·4·3,almost equal lower incisor alveoli,lower canine larger than p1,two-rooted p1,p2 smaller than p3,trigonid and talonid basins of m1 and m2 closed to the lingual side,and metastylid and entoconid crest of lower molars developed.P.leucurus is represented by 4 mandibular specimens,which has a formula of/3·1·4·3,lower canine smaller than p1,p1 somewhat larger than p3,p3 morphologically similar to p4,trigonid and talonid basins of m1 and m2 opened to the lingual side,metastylid and entoconid crest of m1 and m2 undeveloped,and parastylid of m2 and m3 well developed.E.grandis is the largest in the genus Euroscaptor and represented by 5 mandibular and 1 humeral specimens,which has a formula of/3·1·4·3,well developed talonid of p4,weak entostylid of m1 and m2,and sharp conids of lower molars.The occurrence of these mole fossils is of interest in their paleoenviromental implications as well.Scaptonyx fusicaudus is an ancient relict species and mainly distributed in the area of the Hengduan Mountains and the Qinling Mountains now,and it lives in cold temperate shrub meadow ar

关 键 词：玉米洞遗址 MIS 2阶段 鼹科动物化石 区域灭绝 古环境 

分 类 号：Q915.873[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] P534.63[生物学—古生物学]