唐代正定古城址形成时期的环境背景与人类活动  

The environmental background and human activities for Zhengding ancient city site in Tang Dynasty

作　　者：张峻凡 范保硕 陈伟 杨家兴 李月丛[1,2] 许清海 张生瑞[1,2] 李德晖 张文胜[4] 翟鹏飞 ZHANG Junfan;FAN Baoshuo;CHEN Wei;YANG Jiaxing;LI Yuecong;XU Qinghai;ZHANG Shengrui;LI Dehui;ZHANG Wensheng;ZHAI Pengfei(College of Resource and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,Hebei;Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050024,Hebei;Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology,Shijiazhuang 050031,Hebei;College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu;College of History Culture,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,Hebei)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学机构资源与环境科学学院,河北石家庄050024 [2]河北省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室机构,河北石家庄050024 [3]河北省文物考古研究院,河北石家庄050031 [4]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000 [5]河北师范大学历史文化学院,河北石家庄050024

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2021年第5期1489-1502,共14页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点支持项目(批准号:U20A20116);河北省重点基础研究专项项目(批准号:18963301D);河北省文物考古研究院主动发掘项目"河北省正定县开元寺广场遗址项目"共同资助。

摘　　要：唐代是中国历史上的重要文化繁盛时期,也是正定古城开始形成并逐渐繁荣的时期。正定开元寺南遗址唐代地层出露厚度较厚,存在多个连续的文化层,成为研究唐代正定地区环境变化与人类活动关系较理想地点。本研究基于AMS-14C测年与考古定年,通过孢粉分析,结合炭屑、粒度、植硅体,揭示了唐代正定古城址形成的环境背景及其与人类活动的关系。结果表明,正定开元寺南遗址周边地区由于受人类活动影响较早,开发历史悠久,植被已受到破坏,使得本地植被总体上以草本植物为主,多高于80%,但不同阶段存在较大变化:1)唐代前期(680~760 A.D.)本地人口大量增加,人类活动强度显著增强,使得研究区在此阶段森林覆盖度大幅下降,乔木花粉含量明显降低,而草本植物花粉含量明显上升,特别是农作物(禾本科≥30μm)花粉含量明显增加,同时粒度分析显示这一时期沉积物粒度最细,反映整体上水动力条件相对较弱,沉积环境相对稳定,给正定古城的发展创造了条件;唐代后期(760 A.D.之后)受战乱和人口迁移影响,本地人口大量减少,人类活动减弱,使植被有一定程度的恢复,乔木花粉含量回升,伴人植物和农作物花粉含量降低,炭屑浓度也急剧下降,粒度方面砂含量明显增加,粒径变粗,表明水动力条件较强,可能有大规模洪水发生,给城镇发展带来影响。2)植硅体分析表明,农作物中粟相对含量最高,其次为黍,再次为麦,由此可见唐代时期正定地区粮食作物种植以粟为主,辅以黍和麦。Understanding the evolution history of the relationship between human activities and environmental change is helpful to better understand the development of man-land relationship today and in the future.The Tang Dynasty was an important period of cultural prosperity in Chinese history,and it was also the period when Zhengding Ancient City began to form and gradually prosper.Zhengding Kaiyuan Temple South site is an ideal site for the study of environmental changes and human activities in Zhengding area in the Tang Dynasty because it has thick stratums of the Tang Dynasty exposed and there are many continuous cultural layers.The altitude of this area is 49 m.The sampling depth of ZD-T3(38°08'19.398″N,114°33'51.439″E)is from 406.0 cm to 35.5 cm and the sampling depth of TS09E03(38°08'20.481″N,114°33'54.729″E)is from 380 cm to 362 cm.Based on the results of three AMS-14C dating from ZD-T3 and two AMS-14C dating from TS09E03 and archeological dating,through 57 samples of pollen and charcoal,141 samples of grain size and 3 samples of phytolith from ZD-T3 and 3 samples of phytolith from TS09E03,this paper reveals the environmental background of Zhengding Ancient City Site in Tang Dynasty and its relationship with human activities.The results show that the surrounding areas of Kaiyuan Temple in Zhengding has a long history of development due to the effect of human activities earlier,so the vegetation of it has been damaged,which makes local vegetation given priority to with herbs on the whole,an average of 83.6%.However,there are great changes in different historical stages:(1)In the early Tang Dynasty(680~760 A.D.),the local population and the intensity of human activities increased significantly,which made the forest coverage and the content of Trees pollen of the study area decrease dramatically at this stage.And the content of herbs pollen,especially crops pollen(Poaceae≥30μm)increased apparently.Meanwhile,the analysis of grain size showed that the grain size of sediments was the finest,reflecting tha

关 键 词：唐代正定古城遗址 孢粉分析 植硅体 沉积环境 人类活动 

分 类 号：K871.43[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] P534.63[历史地理—历史学]