乙烯气相聚合工艺研究与技术进展  

Advances on Research and Development of Ethylene Gas Phase Polymerization Process Technology

作　　者：阳永荣[1] 王靖岱[1] YANG Yongrong;WANG Jingdai(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology,College of Chemical and Biological Enginee ring,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省化工高效制造技术重点实验室,浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学院,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《化学反应工程与工艺》2021年第1期73-88,共16页Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委各项目资助(U1663222,91434205,21525627,21808198,61621002)。

摘　　要：聚乙烯已成为全球产量最大、用途最广的合成材料。由于生产流程短和设备投资低的优势,流化床气相聚合工艺是聚乙烯的主要生产路线,得到了广泛而深入的研究和开发。本文综述了国内外乙烯气相聚合工艺技术的研发历程,特别是中国在气相法聚乙烯技术方面做出的重要贡献。总结了气相聚合工艺的七种操作模式,即干法气相聚合、超干法气相聚合、气相冷凝聚合、气相超冷凝聚合、气液固云雾聚合、露点聚合以及交替交变聚合。分析了各操作模式所涉及的关键科学问题和工程技术解决方案,例如反应器时空产率模型、冷凝态聚合操作点优化、溶剂的作用、黏性流化颗粒熔融温度预测、流化质量监控与声发射、多流型复合以及一器多用等,并重点介绍了气-液-固云雾聚合流化床反应器中颗粒团聚、气泡运动的新特征,云雾聚合流化床运行的新稳定机制,以及实现聚合物产品结构调控的新途径——乙烯的露点聚合和交替交变聚合技术。指出聚合反应工程学科正从聚焦传统的过程强化,发展到过程强化与产品多样化相互兼顾的变化趋势。Polyethylene has become the largest volume and most widely used synthetic material all over the world.Due to the advantages of concise production process and lower equipment investment,fluidized bed gas phase polymerization process is the main means of polyethylene production,which meanwhile has been extensively researched and developed.The historical development and state of the art of ethylene gas phase polymerization technology at home and abroad were reviewed in this paper,especially China's key contribution to the gas phase polyethylene technology.Seven different operation modes of gas-phase polymerization process were summarized,including dry gas-phase model,super dry gas-phase mode,condensed mode operation,super condensed mode,gas-liquid-solid cloudy operation mode,dew point polymerization mode,and comonomer-swing polymerization mode.The scientific fundamentals and engineering solutions involved in each mode were analyzed,such as the modeling of reactor space-time yield,the determination of operation point for condensed mode,cosolvent effect,prediction of melting temperature of particles with solvent absorption,quality control of fluidization,coexistence of multi-pattern of gas-liquid-solid three phase flow,one reactor with multipurpose and acoustic emission monitoring,especially the analysis and modeling of sticky particle agglomeration,bubble movement,the new underlying mechanism of the different fluidized bed operation,as well as a new way to control the structure of polymer resins—ethylene polymerization at dew point and a comonomer-swing(co)polymerization of ethylene.It is pointed out that the discipline of polymerization reaction engineering is developing from focusing on traditional process intensification to giving consideration to both process intensification and product flexibility.

关 键 词：乙烯 气相聚合 流化床 时空产率模型 冷凝态工艺 气-液-固云雾聚合 多区聚合 

分 类 号：TQ325.12[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] TQ320.61