半定量综合指数法在咸阳市某空心砖厂职业健康风险评估中的应用  

Application of semi-quantitative comprehensive index method in occupational health risk assessment of a hollow brick factory in Xianyang City

作　　者：纪明睿 王嘉欣 刘振雯 黄欣雨 李娟 苗静 齐宝宁 王伟 JI Ming-rui;WANG Jia-xin;LIU Zhen-wen;HUANG Xin-yu;LI Juan;MIAO Jing;QI Bao-ning;WANG Wei(School of Public Health,Shaanxi University of traditional Chinese Medicine,Xianyang Shaanxi,712046,China;Seventh Research Room,Ordnance Industry Health Research Institute,Xi'an Shaanxi,710065,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西中医药大学公共卫生学院,陕西咸阳712046 [2]兵器工业卫生研究所科研七室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第15期2017-2020,2024,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：陕西省中医药管理局科研项目(2019-ZZ-ZC012);咸阳市2019年科技成果推广计划项目(2019KT-24)。

摘　　要：目的对咸阳市某空心砖厂化学有害因素职业病危害进行风险评估,为空心砖厂进行职业健康管理提供参考依据。方法 2018年5—7月,调查咸阳市某空心砖厂职业卫生现状和主要化学有害因素,采用GBZ/T 298—2017《工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则》中推荐的半定量综合指数评估法进行风险评估。结果该空心砖厂中,工作人员接触的化学职业病危害因素有其他粉尘、煤尘、二氧化氮、二氧化硫、一氧化碳和氢氧化钠。其他粉尘、煤尘(呼尘)、煤尘(总尘)时间加权平均容许浓度分别为1.50~2.79、0.86和2.11 mg/m3,工作场所空气中二氧化氮、二氧化硫、一氧化碳时间加权平均容许浓度分别为0.05、1.76~1.77和1.0~1.3 mg/m3,氢氧化钠最高容许浓度为0.16 mg/m3,均未超过其职业接触限值。二氧化氮风险评估水平为高风险(4级),其他粉尘、煤尘、二氧化硫、一氧化碳和氢氧化钠风险评估水平为中等风险(3级)。结论该空心砖厂的工作环境可能对作业人员身体产生不良影响,其中需重点关注隧道窑中的1#和2#烧成工段的二氧化氮作业岗位,还应完善职业卫生管理、个人防护用品及应急救援等防护措施。Objective To evaluate the risk of occupational hazards caused by chemical harmful factors in a hollow brick factory in Xianyang City,provide basis for occupational health management of hollow brick factory. Methods From May to July 2018,the occupational health status and main chemical harmful factors in a hollow brick factory in Xianyang City were investigated. The risk assessment was carried out by using the semi-quantitative comprehensive index assessment method recommended in GBZ/T298-2017 Technical guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemical harmful factors in the workplace. Results In the hollow brick factory,the chemical occupational hazard factors exposed to workers were other dust,coal dust,nitrogen dioxide,sulfur dioxide,carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide. The permissible concentration-time weighted average of other dust,coal dust(exhaled dust) and coal dust(total dust) was 1.50-2.79,0.86 and 2.11 mg/m3,respectively. The permissible concentrationtime weighted average of nitrogen dioxide,sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide in the air of the workplace was 0.05,1.76-1.77 and1.0-1.3 mg/m3,respectively. The maximum allowable concentration of sodium hydroxide was 0.16 mg/m3. All did not exceed the occupational exposure limits. For the risk assessment,the nitrogen dioxide belonged to the high risk(level 4),while the other dust,coal dust,sulfur dioxide,carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide belonged to the medium risk(level 3). Conclusion The working environment of the hollow brick factory may have adverse physical effects on the operators,in which attention should be paid to the nitrogen dioxide jobs in the 1# and 2# firing sections of the tunnel kiln. Protective measures such as occupational health management,personal protective equipment and emergency rescue should also be improved.

关 键 词：空心砖厂 化学有害因素 半定量综合指数 职业健康 风险评估 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]