基于光合特性的8个葡萄品种耐弱光、抗高温特点比较  

Comparison of low light tolerance and high temperature resistance among eight grape cultivars based on analysis of photosynthetic characteristics

作　　者：娄玉穗[1] 尚泓泉[1] 吕中伟[1] 李政 张晓锋[1] 王鹏[1] 吴文莹[1] LOU Yusui;SHANG Hongquan;LÜZhongwei;LI Zheng;ZHANG Xiaofeng;WANG Peng;WU Wenying(Horticulture Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China;Henan Zhongyuan Grape Research Institute Company Limited,Zhengzhou 450045,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院园艺研究所,郑州450002 [2]河南中远葡萄研究所有限公司,郑州450045

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第9期1491-1502,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：河南省农业科学院科研发展专项资金项目(2020CY017);河南省科技攻关项目(212102110125);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2021ZC21);国家葡萄产业技术体系豫东综合试验站项目(CARS-29-18)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同葡萄品种的耐弱光、抗高温特点,为选择其合适的栽培模式提供理论支持。【方法】以1年生阳光玫瑰、瑞都红玉、浪漫红颜等8个品种的葡萄植株为试验材料,利用便携式光合速率测定仪测定不同品种成熟叶片的光响应曲线及在大棚自然条件、大棚遮阴条件和大棚高温条件下的净光合速率(Pn)日变化。【结果】8个葡萄品种的Pn随光量子通量密度的增强表现出先升高后趋于稳定的变化趋势,由光响应曲线计算得到的光补偿点(LCP)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、表观量子效率(AQY)、光饱和点(LSP)和最大净光合速率(Pm)能够较好地反映不同葡萄品种在弱光和强光条件下的Pn。金手指、瑞都红玉、甜蜜蓝宝石的耐弱光能力和在遮阴条件下的Pn均较高,最大Pn分别达到15.2、14.4、12.6μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)。不同品种的Pm与日Pn最大值高低顺序基本一致,甜蜜蓝宝石、金手指的日Pn最大值较高,分别达到15.9、15.7μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)。巨玫瑰、甜蜜蓝宝石、浪漫红颜的LSP较高,均大于1300μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)。在大棚高温条件下,金手指、蜜光、瑞都红玉的Pn较高,巨玫瑰、阳光玫瑰、夏黑、甜蜜蓝宝石、浪漫红颜的Pn显著降低。【结论】金手指、瑞都红玉具有较强的耐弱光能力和抗高温能力,适合各种模式设施栽培;甜蜜蓝宝石具有较强的耐弱光能力,但抗高温能力较差,适合促早和延迟栽培;蜜光具有中等的耐弱光能力和较强的抗高温能力,适合避雨栽培;夏黑、阳光玫瑰具有中等的耐弱光能力和较差的抗高温能力,适合促早栽培;浪漫红颜、巨玫瑰的耐弱光和抗高温能力均较差,不适合设施栽培。[Objective]Protected cultivation is an important cultivation mode in grape production.Poor light and high temperature stresses are two urgent problems to be solved in protected cultivation.Photosynthesis is a very important metabolic process in plants,which can be used as an index to judge plant growth and stress resistance.In order to provide theoretical support for selection of suitable cultivation modes for different grape varieties,photosynthetic characteristics of eight cultivars were studied to evaluate their low light tolerance and high temperature resistance.【Methods】One-year-old grapevines of Shine Muscat,Summer Black,Ruiduhongyu,Miguang,Wagamichi,Sweet Sapphire,Gold Finger,and Jumeigui planted in pots were used as the experimental materials.After the plants was above one meter in height,the mature leaves in the middle of shoots were selected to determine the light response curve,and diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate(Pn)under natural,shade or high temperature conditions in single-span greenhouse using a portable photosynthesis system on sunny days.The light compensation point(LCP),dark respiration rate(Rd),apparent quantum efficiency(AQY),light saturation point(LSP)and maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pm)were calculated through a hyperbolic modified model from the light response curves.Meanwhile,the light intensity and air temperature were recorded with a portable HOBO recorder.【Results】The net photosynthetic rate of the eight grape varieties increased first and then tended to be stable with the increasing of the photon flux density(PFD).Different grape varieties showed different Pnunder the same PFD.The LCP,Rd,AQY,LSP and Pmcould be good indicators to reflect photosynthetic performance of different grape varieties under low light and high light intensities.The LCP of Jumeigui was the highest of all,which was 58.7μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1).The LCPs of Wagamichi,Summer Black,Shine Muscat and Ruiduhongyu were medium.Miguang,Sweet Sapphire and Gold Finger had lower LCPs than the other varieties

关 键 词：葡萄 光合特性 光补偿点 光饱和点 耐弱光 抗高温 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]