增强UV-B辐射对杧果叶片光合生理和超显微结构的影响  

Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on photosynthetic physiology and ultrastructure of leaves in mango(Mangifera indica L.)

作　　者：杨玉皎 郭淑萍[1,2] 杨顺林 张永辉[1,2] 刘海刚 孟富宣[1,2] 段元杰 杨子祥[1,2] 杨晓琼 袁建民[1,2] 岳学文 方海东 YANG Yujiao;GUO Shuping;YANG Shunlin;ZHANG Yonghui;LIU Haigang;MENG Fuxuan;DUANYuanjie;YANG Zixiang;YANG Xiaoqiong;YUAN Jianmin;YUE Xuewen;FANG Haidong(Institute of Tropical Eco-Agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuanmou 651300,Yunnan,China;Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Botanical Garden,Yuanmou 651300,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋651300 [2]元谋干热河谷植物园,云南元谋651300

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第9期1524-1539,共16页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：云南省农业基础研究农业联合青年项目(2018FG001-094);云南省农业科学院应用基础研究专项(YJQ201701);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505102);云南省重点研发计划(2019BC001-2)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨紫外(UV-B)辐射胁迫对杧果生物量、叶片光合生理和细胞超微结构的影响。【方法】采用2年生三年芒和马切苏杧果树为材料,以自然光照为对照(CK),设置2种不同强度的UV-B辐射(T1:2.5 kJ·m^(-2)·d^(-1)和T2:5.0 kJ·m^(-2)·d^(-1)),测定植株生长、叶片光合参数和细胞超微结构。【结果】2个品种的杧果树对不同UV-B辐射强度的响应存在显著差异。与CK相比,T1、T2处理下三年芒的生长发育、叶片光合色素含量和光合特性指标呈增加趋势,而马切苏下降。随着UV-B辐射的增强,叶片细胞超微结构遭到不同程度的破坏,T1处理下2个品种的杧果叶片表皮蜡质增多,气孔萎缩,叶绿体趋向于椭圆形,积累较多嗜锇颗粒,其中马切苏局部出现断裂,细胞内有大量黑色脂滴形成;T2处理下马切苏细胞结构层次排列不清,黑色脂滴数量显著增加,叶片光合能力降低。【结论】叶片质地较厚的三年芒对UV-B辐射具有较高的耐受性,而叶片质地较薄的马切苏对UV-B辐射具有较强的敏感性,因此三年芒较马切苏更适合于在UV-B辐射较强环境下栽培。【Objective】With the deterioration of global climate,the attenuation of stratospheric ozone results in the enhancement of ultraviolet(UV-B)radiation on the surface of the earth,which has a wide impact on the physiology and growth of surface plants.In recent years,there were extensive studies about the adverse effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on the leaf structure and photosynthesis in mango,but few research have been carried out to compare the impacts of UV-B on mango varieties with different leaf texture.Thus,the objective of this study was to explore the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on the growth and development,photosynthetic physiology,and leaf ultrastructure of two mango varieties with different leaf texture,so as to provide reference for the selection of mango varieties with UV-B radiation tolerance under dry and hot valley climate.【Methods】The field experiments were conducted in an experimental orchard of Institute of Tropical Eco-agriculture,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences from November 2018 to March 2020.Two-years-old mango seedlings cultivar Sannianmang and Maqiesu were used as experimental materials to investigate their leaf texture and response to UV-B treatments.Three UV-B radiation intensities were sett,including natural radiation(CK),and two enhanced UV-B radiation on the basis of natural light,which were 2.5 kJ·m^(-2)·d^(-1)(T1)and 5.0 kJ·m^(-2)·d^(-1)(T2),respectively.The outdoor rainproof lamp holder and 40 W ultraviolet lamp were used to simulate and supplement the UV-B radiation.The distance between the lamp and mango canopy was kept at 0.6 m.The mango canopy was irradiated for 6 h every day from 9:00 to 12:00 and14:00 to 17:00(irradiation was suspended in rainy days),and the irradiation lasted for 16 months.The measurement indices included the growth and development,photosynthetic pigment content,photosynthetic characteristics,light response curve,fluorescence induction kinetic parameters,and leaf ultrastructure.【Results】There were significant differences in gro

关 键 词：杧果 UV-B辐射 光合生理 叶绿素荧光 超微结构 

分 类 号：S667.7[农业科学—果树学]